The purpose of the study was to understand how adults’ responded to children’s speech based on their judgment of intelligibility of the children’s speech production. Adults use child-directed speech (CDS) because of their perception of the children’s development. Julien and Munson (2012) hypothesized that adults modify their speech, particularly hyper-articulate fricatives; in response to children they perceive have produced inaccurate speech. Participants
The participants in the study were 22 adults (18 women and 4 men), from the ages 19–49 years. The stimuli in the experiment were recordings from 22 children (12 girls and 10 boys), ages of 2- and 3-years-old. The children produced /s/ and /sh/. The adult participants in the study listened …show more content…
The adults judged the children’s speech accuracy, using VAS rating. The dependent measures are the fricative duration, fricative m1, vowel duration, and vowel-space dispersion. The independent variables are the stimuli produced by the children and the children’s developmental level.
Results
Julien and Munson (2012) reported that /s/ had higher m1 and shorter duration than /sh/. The /s/ fricative had higher m1 in clear-speech, but /sh/ had lower m1 in clear speech. The vowels were longer and more dispersed in clear speech productions. The durations of fricatives were longer in clear speech. The vowel dispersion was greater for clear speech.
The distributions values shown in figure 2 refer to the differences between the clear and baseline speech productions. The difference between /s/ and /sh/ was the largest for durations and smallest for mean. The vowel duration and vowel dispersion differences were in-between, while significant differences were found in …show more content…
There were a lot of significant findings in the article. Julien and Munson (2012) did find support for their hypothesis that adults do modify their speech when they perceive children’s speech to be inaccurate.
Discussion
The authors were consistent with their hypothesis. The rate of adults’ hyper-articulation of fricatives and vowels had a connection with their experience with children. As Julien and Munson (2012) discussed less experience with children made adults more likely to modify their fricative duration. Adults were likely accommodating their production to the children’s specific communication needs. The final “story” was that adults hyper-articulated their fricatives to teach and to correct errors children’s speech. There was no separate section for the conclusion.
References
The authors have 53 references. The journals that were most referenced in the article are the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, Journal of Child Language, Journal of Phonetics, Journal of Memory and Language, and Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. The author Munson, B. referenced his own work 8
The participants in the study were 22 adults (18 women and 4 men), from the ages 19–49 years. The stimuli in the experiment were recordings from 22 children (12 girls and 10 boys), ages of 2- and 3-years-old. The children produced /s/ and /sh/. The adult participants in the study listened …show more content…
The adults judged the children’s speech accuracy, using VAS rating. The dependent measures are the fricative duration, fricative m1, vowel duration, and vowel-space dispersion. The independent variables are the stimuli produced by the children and the children’s developmental level.
Results
Julien and Munson (2012) reported that /s/ had higher m1 and shorter duration than /sh/. The /s/ fricative had higher m1 in clear-speech, but /sh/ had lower m1 in clear speech. The vowels were longer and more dispersed in clear speech productions. The durations of fricatives were longer in clear speech. The vowel dispersion was greater for clear speech.
The distributions values shown in figure 2 refer to the differences between the clear and baseline speech productions. The difference between /s/ and /sh/ was the largest for durations and smallest for mean. The vowel duration and vowel dispersion differences were in-between, while significant differences were found in …show more content…
There were a lot of significant findings in the article. Julien and Munson (2012) did find support for their hypothesis that adults do modify their speech when they perceive children’s speech to be inaccurate.
Discussion
The authors were consistent with their hypothesis. The rate of adults’ hyper-articulation of fricatives and vowels had a connection with their experience with children. As Julien and Munson (2012) discussed less experience with children made adults more likely to modify their fricative duration. Adults were likely accommodating their production to the children’s specific communication needs. The final “story” was that adults hyper-articulated their fricatives to teach and to correct errors children’s speech. There was no separate section for the conclusion.
References
The authors have 53 references. The journals that were most referenced in the article are the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, Journal of Child Language, Journal of Phonetics, Journal of Memory and Language, and Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. The author Munson, B. referenced his own work 8