1. Introduction
This paper reports sociolinguistic variation and change patterns of T-glottalling in Manchester comparing with other dialects of English. T-gottalling, the phonological process whereby /t/ is replaced by a glottal stop in non-initial position, has been considered as the accent all over the UK in recent years.
Database (number of token, factors); the definition of T-glottalling and simple example; the characteristic of Manchester pattern;
T-glottalling, in English phonology, a sound change that causes the phoneme is replaced by the glottal stop [ʔ] in certain position.
The review of previous studies
In sum, which area do t-glottaling, which area don’t
Unsolved question
Goal of this paper to explore the social patterning of …show more content…
The motorway represents a geographical boundary and as such is useful for distinguishing between Manchester as a uniform dialect area and surrounding dialect regions, particularly those to the north (Baranowski & Turton, 2015). Therefore selected speakers must grow up in this geographic area between the ages of 3 and at least 16 and their parents should be local (at least one of them should be …show more content…
The data was collected from the face to face interview done by students in class. There were two data collection methods. First is to use hand code for each tokens and second is to send the transcription to DARLA, after getting automated vowel extraction output file, use Praat to code the rest of speech. According to Labov, sociolinguistic interviews were centred around the topic of growing up in certain area, with a focus on eliciting narratives of personal experience (Labov, 1984). The purpose of this interview is to study language variation and change in the accent and dialect of Manchester English. Four parts are covered in this interview: demographic questions, spontaneous speech about experience growing up in Manchester, questionnaire on attitudes of being a Mancunian, reading out loud the word list and minimal pairs test.
To be specific to this research, the variable realisation of /t/ will be examined in this paper. Therefore, the dependent variable for this research is /t/ and there are five variants of the /t/ that have been coded in this research: 0 for [t], 1 for [ʔ] (glottal stop), 2 for [r], 3 for [k], and 4 for deleted /t/ but no glottal stop. In this case the paper will mainly focus on the compare with the standard form [t] (0) and glottal stop [ʔ] (1). Therefore, positive estimates in the regression coefficients indicate more application of T-glottalling,
This paper reports sociolinguistic variation and change patterns of T-glottalling in Manchester comparing with other dialects of English. T-gottalling, the phonological process whereby /t/ is replaced by a glottal stop in non-initial position, has been considered as the accent all over the UK in recent years.
Database (number of token, factors); the definition of T-glottalling and simple example; the characteristic of Manchester pattern;
T-glottalling, in English phonology, a sound change that causes the phoneme is replaced by the glottal stop [ʔ] in certain position.
The review of previous studies
In sum, which area do t-glottaling, which area don’t
Unsolved question
Goal of this paper to explore the social patterning of …show more content…
The motorway represents a geographical boundary and as such is useful for distinguishing between Manchester as a uniform dialect area and surrounding dialect regions, particularly those to the north (Baranowski & Turton, 2015). Therefore selected speakers must grow up in this geographic area between the ages of 3 and at least 16 and their parents should be local (at least one of them should be …show more content…
The data was collected from the face to face interview done by students in class. There were two data collection methods. First is to use hand code for each tokens and second is to send the transcription to DARLA, after getting automated vowel extraction output file, use Praat to code the rest of speech. According to Labov, sociolinguistic interviews were centred around the topic of growing up in certain area, with a focus on eliciting narratives of personal experience (Labov, 1984). The purpose of this interview is to study language variation and change in the accent and dialect of Manchester English. Four parts are covered in this interview: demographic questions, spontaneous speech about experience growing up in Manchester, questionnaire on attitudes of being a Mancunian, reading out loud the word list and minimal pairs test.
To be specific to this research, the variable realisation of /t/ will be examined in this paper. Therefore, the dependent variable for this research is /t/ and there are five variants of the /t/ that have been coded in this research: 0 for [t], 1 for [ʔ] (glottal stop), 2 for [r], 3 for [k], and 4 for deleted /t/ but no glottal stop. In this case the paper will mainly focus on the compare with the standard form [t] (0) and glottal stop [ʔ] (1). Therefore, positive estimates in the regression coefficients indicate more application of T-glottalling,