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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kinesiology
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study of human movement
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biomechanics
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application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms
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mechanics
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branch of physics that analyzes the actions of forces on particles and mechanic systems
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statics
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branch of mechanics dealing with systems in a constant state of motion
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dynamics
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branch of mechanics dealing with systems in a constant state of motion
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kinematics
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the form, pattern, or sequencing of movement with respect to time
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kinetics
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study of the action of forces
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anthropology
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the study of human kind - related to the dimensions and weights of body segments
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general motion
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a complex combination of linear and angular motion components
ex. running |
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translation
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linear motion
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rectilinear motion
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along a straight line
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curvilinear motion
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along a curved line
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rotation
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imaginary line perpendicular to the plane of rotation and passing through the center of rotation
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superior
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closer to the head
ex. eyes are superior to the mouth |
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inferior
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further away from the head
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anterior
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closer to the front
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posterior
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closer to the back
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medial
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closer to the midline
ex. the nose is medial to the ears |
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lateral
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further away from the midline
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proximal
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closer to the trunk
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distal
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further from the midline
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superficial
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closer to the surface
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distal
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deep [further from the surface]
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sagittal plane
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forward and backwards movements of the body and its segments occur
movements: flexion, extension, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, hyperextension |
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frontal plane
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lateral movements of the body and its segments occur
movements: abduction, adduction, lateral flexion, ulnar deviation, radial deviation, subtaler inversion, subtaler eversion |
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transverse/horizontal plane
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horizontal body and its segments movements occur when the body is in an erect standing position
movements: lateral rotation, medial rotation, horizontal adduction, horizontal abduction, wrist supination, wrist pronation, scapular protraction, scapular retraction |
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mediolateral
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line around which sagittal plane rotations occur
ex. touching your toes |
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anteriorposterior
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line around which frontal plane rotations occur
ex. jumping jacks |
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longitudinal
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line around which transverse plane rotations occur
ex. turning your neck around |
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circumduction
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combination of frontal and sagittal plane movements where the movement resembles a cone
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opposition
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bringing the thumb and finger together
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pronation of lower leg
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combination of ankle dorsiflexion and subtaler eversion
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supination of lower leg
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combination of ankle planter flexion and subtaler inversion
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inertia
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tendency of a body to resist a change in motion
no units or equation |
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mass
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quantity of matter in an object
units: Kilograms [kg] |
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force
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push or pull on a body
units: Newtons [N] |
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vector
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magnitude and direction
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Newtons First Law
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Law of Inertia
An object at rest and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force |
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Newtons Second Law
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Law of Acceleration
F = MA a force applied to a body causes an acceleration of that body of a magnitude proportional to the force, in the direction of the force and inversely proportional to the bodies mass |
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Newtons Third Law
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Law of Reaction
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction ex. Ground reaction forces in running |
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Free Body Diagram
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drawing of a defined system in isolation with all of the force vectors acting on the system
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Center of Gravity
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Higher center of gravity = less stability
If center of gravity is within bass of support, the person is more stable Women - below belly button Men - above belly button Kids - center of chest |
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Weight
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the amount of gravity force exerted on a body
units: Newtons formula: wt=mg Acceleration = g = 9.81m/s2 |
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Pressure/Stress
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P=F/A
units: N/cm2 |
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Torque
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the rotary effect of a force
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impulse
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product of force and time
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compression
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pressing/squeezing force through the body
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tension
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pulling/stretching
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shear
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force directed parallel to the surface
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bending
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3 point load
asymmetric loading the produces tension on one side of the longitudinal axis and compression on the other side |
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torsion
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twisting force of a body around the longitudinal axis
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repetitive loading
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repeated application of a sub-acute load that is usually of relatively low magnitude
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acute loading
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application of a single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissue
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