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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enterobacteriaccae
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Salmonella species
Salmonella typhi Shigella dysenteriae Klebsilla pneumoniae |
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Salmonella species - Diagnostics
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1. Gram Stain - gram (-) rods
2. Culture (EMB/MacConkey) - H2S production 3. Metabolism - a. catalase (+), b. oxidase (-), c. glucose fermenter, d. does not ferment lactose, e. facultative anaerobe |
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Salmonella species - Virulence Factors
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1. flagella (H antigen)
2. capsule (V1 antigen) - protectws from intercellular killing 3. siderophore |
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Salmonella species - Clinical Manifestations
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1. paratyphoid fever
2. gastroenteritis 3. sepsis 4. osteromyelitis |
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Salmonella species - Treatment
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1. ciproflaxin
2. ceftriaxone 3. trimethorpim & sulfamethoxazole 4. azithromycin 5. diarrhea - only fluid and electrolyte replacement |
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Salmonella typhi - Diagnostics
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1. gram stain - gram (-) rods
2. culture (urine, blood, CSF, EMB/MacConkey) - H2S production 3. Metabolism - a. catalase (+), b. oxidase (-), c. glucose fermenter, d. does not ferment lactose, e. facultative anaerobe |
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Salmonella typhi - Virulence Factors
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1. flagella (H antigen)
2. capsule (V1 antigen) - protectws from intercellular killing 3. siderophore |
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Salmonella typhi - Clinically Manifestations
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1. typhoid fever - a. fever, b. abdominal pain, c. hepatosplenomegaly, d. rose spots on abdomen (light skinned patients)
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Salmonella typhi - Treatment
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1. ciproflaxin
2. ceftriaxone 3. trimethorpim & sulfamethoxazole 4. azithromycin |
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Shigella dysenteriae - Diagnostics
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1. gram stain - gram (-) rods
2. culture (urine, blood, CSF, EMB/MacConkey) - no H2S production 3. Metabolism - a. catalase (+), b. oxidase (-), c. glucose fermenter, d. does not ferment lactose, e. facultative anaerobe |
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Shigella dysenteriae - Virulence Factors
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1. nonmotile (no H antigen)
2. invades submucosa not lamina propria |
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Shigella dysenteriae - Clinical Manifestations
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1. shiga toxin - inactivates the 60S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and killing intestinal cells
a. bloody diarrhea with mucus and pus |
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Shigella dysenteriae - Treatment
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1. fluoroquinolones
2. trimethoprim &sulfamethoxazole |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae - Diagnostics
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1. gram stain - gram (-) rods
2. culture (EMB/MacConkey) 3. metabolism - a. indole, oxidase (-); b. glucose, lactose, fermenter; c. facultatic anaerobe |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae - Virulence Factors
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1. capsule
2. non-motile |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae - Clinical Manifestations
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1. pneumonia - with significant lung necrosis and blood sputum, commonly in alcoholics, or those with underlying lung disease
2. hospital acquired UTI and sepsis |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae - Treatment
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1. 3rd generation cephalosporins
2. ciprofloxacin |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Gram negative
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Shigella dysenteriae
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Gram negative
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Salmonella typhia
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Gram negative
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Salmonella species
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Gram negative
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Pseudomonadaceae
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Psuedomonas aeruginosa
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Psuedomonas aeruginosa
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Gram negative
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Psuedomonas aeruginosa - Diagnostic
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1. Gram stain - gram (-) rods
2. Culture (blood agar) - greenish-metallic appearance with fruity smell 3. Metabolism - a. oxidase (+); b. non-lactose fermenter; c. obligate aerobe |
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Psuedomonas aeruginosa - Virulence Factors
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1. polar flagellum (H antigen)
2. hemolysin 3. collagenase 4. elastase 5. fibronolysin 6. phospholipase C 7. DNAase 8. some strains possess an antiphagocytic capsule |
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Psuedomonas aeruginosa - Clinical Manifestations
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1. exotoxin A (similar to diptheria toxin) - inhibits protein synthesis by blocking EF2
a. pnuemonia - cystic fibrosis and immunosuppressed patients) b. osteomyelitis - diabetes, IV drugs users, children c. burn wound infections d. sepsis e. UTI f. endocarditis (IV drug users) g. malignant external otitis h. corneal infection in contact lens wearers |
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Psuedomonas aeruginosa - Treatment
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1. ticarcillin
2. timentin 3. carbenicillin 4. peperacillin 5. mexlocillin 6. ciprofloxacin 7. imipenem 8. tobramycin 9. aztreonam |
