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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria?
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Bacillus - Rod
Coccus - Sperical Spirillum - Spiral |
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Prokaryotic
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Lack internal membraneous organelles
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Nucleoid
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single circular double-herlical strand of DNA
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Plasmid
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small DNA strand separate from Nucleoid
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Capsule
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thick gelatenous layer some bacteria have for defense against the host
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Flagella [3 parts]
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a Basal Granule anchored to the cell membrane, Hook and a filament allow cell motility
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Pili
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Protein tubular extensions used for clumping bacteria together & conjugation
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Mesosome
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involved in cellular respiration; contains enzymes
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Gram Positive
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cell wal has a thick peptigoglycan layer outside the plasma membrane
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Gram Negative
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cell wall has a thin peptidoglycan layer between two plasma membranes
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Endospore
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Highly resistant pinched-off cytoplasm in some bacteria
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Transverse Binary Fission
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General reproduction of bacteria including replication of DNA followed by separation of daughter cells
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Transformation
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DNA fragments are taken in from disruption of another cell
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Conjugation
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Exchange of genetic material via sex pilus
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Transduction
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genes carries via a Bacteriophage virus
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Penicillin
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Interferes with the production of peptidoglycan and effective against Gram Positive bacteria
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Bacillus anthracis
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anthrax; septicaemic infection in farm animals but transmissible to humans; Prevention - slaughter/burning
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Bacillus megaterium
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large non-pathogenic bacteria
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Clostridium botulinum
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botulism from neurotoxin in food poisoning; repiratory paralysis; lethal in small doses
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Clostridium tetani
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have endospores and are anaerobic; cause tetanus or lockjaw fue to neurotoxin; cause contractions in voluntary muscles
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Escherichia coli
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typical coliform; may cause gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, vomiting or urinary tract infections
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Salmonella typhi
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typoid fever; the source is a person with poor hygiene or infection from animal; may cause enteric fever, diarrhoea;
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Escherichia coli
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typical coliform; may cause gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, vomiting or urinary tract infections
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Vibrio cholerae
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classical cholera from human faeces contaminating the water supply, severe diarrhoea
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Salmonella typhi
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typoid fever; the source is a person with poor hygiene or infection from animal; may cause enteric fever, diarrhoea;
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Legionella pneumophila
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Legionnaires' disease caused from air conditioning systems and showers, causes pneumonia in older patients
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Vibrio cholerae
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classical cholera from human faeces contaminating the water supply, severe diarrhoea
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Staphylococcus aureus
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carried by many in nasal mucosa or on skin; caused by food poisoning, causes diarrhoea. Associated with MRSA - sepsis/wound infections in hospitals
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Legionella pneumophila
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Legionnaires' disease caused from air conditioning systems and showers, causes pneumonia in older patients
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Staphylococcus aureus
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carried by many in nasal mucosa or on skin; caused by food poisoning, causes diarrhoea. Associated with MRSA - sepsis/wound infections in hospitals
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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found in pairs (diplococci); sudden acute lobar pneumonia
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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veneral disease attacks genitourinary mucous membranes causing acute urethritis. Humans are the only host
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Treponema
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causes syhpilis
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Borrelia
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causes Lyme disease
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Leptospira
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causes Weil's disease
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Leishman's stain
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stain for spirochaetes
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Mycoplasma
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simplest and smallest known bacteria having no cell wall; grow aerobically or anaerobically
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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causes 20% of bacterial pneumonue cases (mild)
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Rickettsiae
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gram negative obligate parasites that must be grown on living cells
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Rickettsia prowazeki
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human louse vector causes a classical typhus fever
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Rickettsia rickettsi
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever (typhus-type) transmitted by ticks and reservoir wild rodent populations; infection of the Lymph cells
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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causes severe chronic conjuctivitis which may lead to blindness; a venereal disease causing discharge or infertility
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