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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Staphylococcus aureus |
G+, cocci, cat+, coag+, β-hemo, lac+ Clinical Conditions: Inflammatory skin and soft tissue - impetigo, post-surg/bone infections, endocarditis, pneumonia, chronic otitis media Toxin-mediated - Toxic Shock Syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, rapid onset food poisoning MRSA Most common cause of death for AIDS pts |
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Staphylococcus epidermidis |
G+, cocci, cat+, coat-, γ-hemo, Novobiocin+ Clinical Conditions: Infects prosthetic devices, endocarditis, catheterization biofilms UTI's |
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Streptococcus pyogenes (Lancefield Group A) |
G+, cocci, cat-, β-hemo, Bacitracin+ Clinical Conditions: Pyogenic - pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas Toxigenic - scarlet fever, toxic shock-like syndrome, necrotising fasciitis Immunologic - rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis |
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Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield Group B) |
G+, cocci, cat-, β-hemo Clinical Conditions: Newborn pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis (colonizes vagina) |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae |
G+, cocci, cat-, α-hemo, Optochin+ Clinical Conditions: Meningitis Otitis media Adult pneumonia Virulence: Polysaccharide capsule |
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Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
G+, cocci, cat+, coag-, γ/α-hemo Clinical Conditions: UTI (second most common) |
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Enterococcus spp. |
G+, cocci, cat-, α-hemo Clinical Conditions: UTI Biliary tract infections Subacute endocarditis VRE |
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Bacillus anthracis |
G+, rod, cat+, spores Clinical Conditions: Cutaneous anthrax - ulcer with black eschar Pulmonary anthrax - flu symptoms, shock Ingestion anthrax - flu symptoms, shock |
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Bacillus cereus |
G+, rod, cat+, spores Clinical Conditions: Necrotizing fasciitis/myositis Food poisoning in starches |
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Clostridium tetani |
G+, rod, spores Clinical Conditions: Tetanus - spastic paralysis, lockjaw (trismus), risus sardonicus (raised eyebrows and open grin) Virulence - Tetanus NeuroToxin |
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Clostridium botulinum |
G+, rod, spores Clinical Conditions: Botulism - descending flaccid paralysis Virulence - Botulinum NeuroToxin |
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Clostridium difficile |
G+, rod, spores Clinical Conditions: Diarrhea Pseudomembranous colitis Virulence - cytotoxins: TcdA & TcdB |
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Clostridium perfringens |
G+, rod, spore Clinical Conditions: Gas gangrene - myonecrosis Food poisoning Virulence - exotoxins: α-toxin & theta-toxin |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
G+ (G indeterminate), rod, cat+, acid fast Clinical Conditions: Tuberculosis Treat with HRZE - Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (or RIPE) |
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Mycobacterium leprae |
G+ (G indeterminate), rod, acid fast Clinical Conditions: Tuberculoid - Th1 response, a few hypothetic, hairless skin plaques with loss of touch sensation Lepromatous - Th2 response, leonine facies, tissue destruction diffusely over skin (rash, loss of sensation, skin thickening, thickening of peripheral nerves) |
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Mycobacterium marium |
G+ (G indeterminate), rod, acid fast Clinical Conditions: Skin infection |
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Mycobacterium avium |
G+ (G indeterminate), rod, acid fast Clinical Conditions: TB-like disease Infect immunocompromised patients |
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Mycobacterium ulcerans |
G+ (G indeterminate), rod, acid fast Clinical Conditions: Necrotic and analgesic affects to tissue, non-healing lesions |
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
G+, rod Clinical Conditions: Diphtheria toxin - pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat, severe lymphadenopathy, bull neck, myocarditis, and arrhythmias |
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Escherichia coli |
G-, rod, cat+, γ-hemo, lac+, LPS exotoxin Clinical Conditions: UTI Septic shock Diarrhea Necrosis and inflammation of mucosa |
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Neisseria meningitidis
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G-, diplococci, maltose+ Clinical Conditions: Meningitis Meningococcemia Virulence - polysaccharide capsule |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
G-, rod, ox+, cat+, β-hemo Clinical Conditions: Pneumonia Sepsis Ecthyma gangrenosum UTI Disease (Cystic fibrosis) Otitis externa M Osteomyelitis, arthritis Nosocomial infections Skin infections Virulence - exotoxin A Skin infections |
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Klebsiella pneumoniae |
G-, rod Clinical Conditions: Pneumonia |
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Haemophilus influenzae |
G-, coccobacilli, small Clinical Conditions: Epiglottitis Meningitis Otitis media Pneumonia (haEMOPhilus) Virulence factor - Polysaccharide capsule |
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Bordetella pertussis |
G-, coccobacilli, small Clinical Conditions: Catarrhal - mucoid rhinorrhea (1-2 weeks) Paroxysmal - whooping cough (2-4 weeks) Convalescent - secondary infections (3-4 weeks) |
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Legionella pneumophila |
G-, rod, motile Clinical Conditions: Legionnaire's disease - Pneumonia, cough, fever, muscle aches, GI and CNS symptoms Pontiac fever - cough, fever, muscle aches (no pneumonia) |
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Listeria monocytogenes |
G+, rod, intracellular, β-hemo, motile Clinical Conditions: Unpasteurized dairy products cause - nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever Amnionitis Septicemia Granulomatosis infantiseptica Neonatal meningitis |
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Campylobacter jejuni |
G-, S-shaped rods, motile, cat+, ox+ Clinical Conditions: Acute gastroenteritis with bloody diarrhea Associated with Guillian Barré Syndrome |
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Helicobacter pylori |
G-, spiral rod, motile, cat+, ox+, urea+ Clinical Conditions: Chronic gastritis Peptic ulcer disease Gastric adenocarcinoma MALT lymphoma |
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Salmonella typhi |
G-, rod, flagella-based motility, lac- Clinical Conditions: Typhoid fever Gastroenteritis Septicemia |
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Shigella dysenteriae, flexneri, boydii, sonnei |
G-, rods, actin-based motility, lac- Clinical Conditions: Dysentery Fever Shock Virulence - Shiga toxin |
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Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) |
G-, rod, lac+ Clinical Conditions: Traveler's diarrhea Virulence - heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins |
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Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) |
G-, rod, lac+ Clinical Conditions: Diarrhea (usually in children) Virulence - adhesins via pili and intimi, Type 3 secretion system |
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Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) |
G-, rod, lac+ Clinical Conditions: Mild dysentery Cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, chills Virulence - unidentified adhesins, Type 3 secretion system |
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Enterohemoryhagic E. coli (EHEC) |
G-, rod, lac+, sorbitol- O157:H7 Clinical Conditions: Dysentery Hemolytic uremic syndrome - hemolytic anemia, renal failure, thrombocytopenia Virulence - Shiga toxin, intimin adhesin |
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Vibrio cholera |
G-, curved rod, motile, ox+ Clinical Conditions: Rice-water diarrhea Virulence - cholera toxin |
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Yersinia pestis |
G-, rod, small, intracellular (rodent/flea) Clinical Conditions: Bubonic plague - hemorrhagic buboes, G- shock Pneumonic plague - white-out of lungs, G- shock |
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Francisella tularensis |
G-, rod (rabbit reservoir) Clinical Conditions: Ulceroglandular tularemia - lesions that ulcerate, fever, chills, headache, regional lymphadenopathy Pulmonary tularemia - cough, fever, chills, headache, lymphadenopathy |
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Burkholderia cepacia |
G- Clinical Conditions: Co-infection with P. aeruginosa in CF patients |
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Treponema pallidum |
G- like, long slender rods, motile Clinical Conditions: Primary Syphilis - hard primary chancre Secondary Syphilis - fever, sore throat, headache, lymphadenopathy, condylomata lata Tertiary Syphilis - Gummas (granulomatous lesions), Neurosyphilis (paralytic dementia, amylotropic-like lateral sclerosis, meningitis, seizures, optic atrophy) Treatment - single injection of penicillin |
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Leptospirosis interrogans |
G- like, spirochete, motile Clinical Conditions: Leptospiremia - fever, chills, headache myalgia, gastrointestinal disturbance Secondary sickness - kidney/liver failure (jaundice) and meningitis |
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Borrelia burgdorferi |
G- like, spirochete, motile (hard ticks) Clinical Condition: Lyme disease - expanding erythematous (bull's eye rash) If untreated - arthritis, myocarditis, dementia-like neurological disease, relapsing fever |
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
G-, dipolococcus, maltose- Clinical Conditions: STI Purulent discharge Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - sterility Epididymitis - sterility ophthalmia neonatorum Treatment - cefriaxone (treat with Chlamydia) |
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Rickettsia rickettsii |
G-, small, intracellular (ticks) Clinical Conditions: Spotted fever (Rocky Mountain Fever) - fever, chills, headache, myalgia, muscle aches, vomiting, nausea, rash on hands and feet |
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Rickettsia prowazekii |
G-, small, intracellular (lice) Clinical Conditions: Epidemic typhus - stupor from fever, chills, severe headache Meningoencephalitis, delirium and coma Rash (petechial, maculopapular, papulovesicular) |
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Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
G-, small, cocci, intracellular (hard ticks) Clinical Conditions: Morale - vacuole bound colonies Fever, headache, malaise, muscle aches, vomiting |
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Coxiella burnetii |
G indeterminate, intracellular Clinical Conditions: Q fever - headache, fever, chills, myalgia, pneumonia, hepatitis, endocarditis |
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Bartonella henselae |
G-, rod (cat/flea) Clinical Conditions: Cat-scratch disease - regional lymphadenopathy, bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary peliosis, endocarditis Chronic bacteremia in AIDS patients |
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Chlamydia trachomatis |
G indeterminate (no peptidoglycan) Clinical Conditions: STI Ocular trachoma - conjunctival hyperemia, vascularization and inflammation of cornea Men - Urethritis: dysuria, white discharge Women - Cervicitis, urethritis, salpingitis, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Reiter's syndrome Treatment - single dose azithromycin (treat with gonorrheoeae) |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
G indeterminate (G+ like), no cell wall Clinical Conditions: Walking pneumonia - fever, non-productive cough, sore throat, chills, malaise, patchy infiltrates |
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Enterobacter spp. |
G-, rod, lac+ UTI |
