Axial Skeleton A&p 1

Front 1

The Axial Skeleton Consists of:

Back 1

- 80 bones
-Three major regions
Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

Front 2

The Skull has 2 sets of bones

Back 2

1. Cranial bones

2. Facial bones

Front 3

Function of Cranial bones

Back 3

-Enclose the brain in the cranial cavity
-Provide sites of attachment for head and neck muscles

Front 4

Function of Facial bones

Back 4

-Framework of face
-Cavities for special sense organs for sight, taste, and smell
Openings for air and food passage
Sties of attachment for teeth and muscles of facial expression

Front 5

The 8 Cranial Bones are:

Back 5

Frontal bone
Parietal bones (2)
Occipital bone
Temporal bones (2)
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone

Front 6

What are the Four sutures that mark the articulations of parietal bones with frontal, occipital, and temporal bones:

Back 6

1. Coronal suture
2. Sagittal suture
3. Lambdoid suture
4. Squamous (squamosal) sutures

Front 7

Coronal suture is between:

Back 7

parietal bones and frontal bone

Front 8

Sagittal suture is between: right and left parietal bones

Back 8

right and left parietal bones

Front 9

Lambdoid suture is between:

Back 9

parietal bones and occipital bone

Front 10

Squamous (squamosal) sutures is between:

Back 10

parietal and temporal bones on each side of skull

Front 11

What are the 14 bones of the Facial skeleton

Back 11

Mandible
Maxillary bones (maxillae) (2)
Zygomatic bones (2)
Nasal bones (2)
Lacrimal bones (2)
Palatine bones (2)
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae (2)

Front 12

The Mandible is:

Back 12

-Lower jaw (U shaped)
-Largest, strongest bone of face
-Temporomandibular joint: only freely movable joint in skull

Front 13

Maxillary Bones are;

Back 13

-Medially fused to form upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton
-Keystone bones
-Articulate with all other facial bones except mandible

Front 14

Zygomatic Bones form;

Back 14

-Cheekbones
-Inferolateral margins of orbits

Front 15

Nasal Bones form the

Back 15

bridge of nose

Front 16

Lacrimal bones are in the;

Back 16

- medial walls of orbits
-Lacrimal fossa houses lacrimal sac

Front 17

Palatine Bones form:

Back 17

-Posterior one-third of hard palate
-Posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity
-Small part of the orbits

Front 18

The Vomer is;

Back 18

-Plow shaped
-Lower part of nasal septum

Front 19

4 Paranasal Sinuses are

Back 19

-frontal
- sphenoid
-ethmoid
- maxillary bones

Front 20

Function of paranasal sinuses

Back 20

-Lighten the skull
-Enhance resonance of voice

Front 21

paranasal sinuses are________ lined,__________spaces

Back 21

Mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces

Front 22

Hyoid Bone is;

Back 22

-Not a bone of the skull
-Does not articulate directly with another bone
-Site of attachment for muscles of swallowing and speech

Front 23

Functions/ discription of the Vertebral Column

Back 23

-Transmits weight of trunk to lower limbs
-Surrounds and protects spinal cord
-Flexible curved structure containing 26 irregular bones (vertebrae)

Front 24

Name the 26 bones (vertebrae)

Back 24

-Cervical vertebrae (7)—vertebrae of the neck
-Thoracic vertebrae (12)—vertebrae of the thoracic cage
-Lumbar vertebrae (5)—vertebra of the lower back
-Sacrum—bone inferior to the lumbar vertebrae
-Coccyx—terminus of vertebral column

Front 25

Intervertebral Discs are

Back 25

Cushionlike pad composed of two parts

-Nucleus pulposus
-Anulus fibrosus

Front 26

Nucleus pulposus is the

Back 26

Inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity and compressibility

Front 27

Anulus fibrosus is the

Back 27

Outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage

Front 28

General Structure of Vertebrae

Back 28

-Body or centrum
-Vertebral arch
-Vertebral foramina
-Intervertebral foramina
Lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae for spinal nerves

Front 29

Body or centrum

Back 29

Anterior weight-bearing region

Front 30

Vertebral arch

Back 30

Composed of pedicles and laminae that, along with centrum, enclose vertebral foramen

Front 31

Vertebral foramina

Back 31

Together make up vertebral canal for spinal cord

Front 32

Intervertebral foramina

Back 32

Lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae for spinal nerves

Front 33

Seven processes per vertebra:

Back 33

-Spinous process—projects posteriorly
-Transverse processes (2)—project laterally
-Superior articular processes (2)—protrude superiorly inferiorly
-Inferior articular processes (2)—protrude inferiorly

Front 34

Cervical Vertebrae

Back 34

-C1 to C7: smallest, lightest vertebrae
-C3 to C7 share the following features
Oval body
Spinous processes are bifid (except C7)
Large, triangular vertebral foramen
Transverse foramen in each transverse process

Front 35

Atlas (C1) unique features

Back 35

-No body or spinous process
-Consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses
-Superior surfaces of lateral masses articulate with the occipital condyles

Front 36

C2 (axis) unique features

Back 36

-Dens projects superiorly into the anterior arch of the atlas
-Dens is a pivot for the rotation of the atlas

Front 37

Clinical conditions

Back 37

Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Spina bifida