Ati Teas 6 Science: A&p 4

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An organ in the human body that secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings.

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Gland

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This human organ system is responsible for secreting the hormones and other molecules that help regulate the entire body in both the short and the long term.

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Endocrine System

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Chemical messengers secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid.

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Hormones

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Much of the action of the endocrine system runs through this gland.

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Hypothalamus

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What are the organs from other systems that can also secrete hormones?

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Testes, Ovaries, Placenta, Pancreas, Liver and Stomach

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An inability to produce insulin resulting in uncontrolled blood glucose levels.

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Diabetes

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This gland regulates circadian rhythms( the sleep/ wake cycle)

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Pineal Gland

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This gland regulates growth, blood preasure, reabsorption of water by the kidneys, temperature, pain relief, and some reproductive functions related to pregnancy and childbirth.

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Pituitary Gland

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This gland regulates pituitary function and metabolic processes including body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms.

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Hypothalamus

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This gland regulates energy use and protein synthesis.

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Thyroid Gland

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This gland regulates calcium and phosphate levels.

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Parathyroid

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This gland regulates "fight or flight" response, regulation of salt and blood volume.

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Adrenal Glands

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This gland regulates blood sugar levels and metabolism.

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Pancreas

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This gland regulates maturation of sex organs, and secondary sex characteristics

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Testes

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This gland regulates maturation of sex organs, secondary sex characteristics, pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation.

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Ovaries

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This gland regulates gestation (pregnacy) and childbirth.

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Placenta

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A hormone produced by the hypothalamus, stored and released by the pituitary gland. This hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor.

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Oxytocin

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A hormone produced by the hypothalamus, stored and released by the pituitary gland. This hormone induces water re-absorption in the kidney.

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Vasopressin ( anti diuretic hormone)

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A hormone released from the pituitary that induces the maturation of an ovarian follicle in females; stimulates spermatogenesis in males.

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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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A hormone released from the pituitary that induces ovulation in females; stimulates testosterone in males.

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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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A hormone released from the pituitary that stimulates the adrenal glands to release hormones.

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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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A hormone released from the pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones.

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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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A hormone released from the pituitary that induces milk production at the mammary glands in females.

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Prolactin

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A hormone that is released from the pituitary that inhibits the perception of pain.

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Endorphins

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A hormone released from the pituitary that induces growth of the body and increases metabolic rate.

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Growth Hormone

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The pineal gland secretes this hormone to regulate sleep cycles.

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Melatonin

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This hormone released by the parathyroid gland; responds to low blood calcium by inducing the breakdown of bone to increase blood calcium levels.

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Parathyroid Hormone

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A hormone released by the thyroid gland to regulate metabolic rate.

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Thyroid Hormone

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A hormone released by the thyroid gland in response to high blood calcium levels and induces the storage of calcium in bone. It "tones down" blood calcium.

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Calcitonin

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A disease caused by insufficient thyroid hormone production, and its symptoms include weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance.

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Hypothyroidism

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A disease caused by overproduction of thyroid hormones, and its symptoms include weight loss, hyperactivity, and heat intolerance.

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Hyperthyroidism

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Insufficient iodine intake can lead to a significant enlargement of the thyroid known as?

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Goiter

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A hormone released from the pancreas in response to high blood glucose. It insuces the storage of glucose in glycogen and stimulates glucose uptake by cells.

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Insulin

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A hormone released by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose. It induces the release of glucose from glycogen stores and gluconeogenesis. " glucose is gone"

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Glucagon

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A hormone released from the adrenal glands, which induces the "fight or flight" response.

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Epinephrine

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A hormone secreted from the adrenal glands, which regulates salt balance in the body.

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Aldosterone