Atc Basics Block 4 Lesson 22

Front 1

What are the 5 layers of the earth atmosphere?

Back 1

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

Front 2

What is the lowest layer of the earths atmosphere?

Back 2

Troposphere

Front 3

What is the transition boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere?

Back 3

Tropopause

Front 4

What layer of atmosphere extends from the tropopause up to 31 miles above the earths surface?

Back 4

Stratosphere

Front 5

The stratosphere is a stable layer devoid of _________ weather.

Back 5

Significant

Front 6

In the troposphere a increase in temperature with altitude is abnormal and defined as ___________.

Back 6

Inversion

Front 7

The _______ layer of the early atmosphere contains almost all clouds and precipitation, air pressure and density decrease with altitude, and temperature generally decrease with altitude.

Back 7

Troposphere

Front 8

A hypothetical vertical distribution of the atmospheric temperature, pressure, and density, which by international agreement is considered to be representative of the atmosphere for pressure-altimeter calibrations and other purposes.

Back 8

Standard atmosphere

Front 9

Standard atmosphere is used for what four purposes:

Back 9

Pressure altimeter calibrations, aircraft performance calculations, aircraft design, weather-related processes

Front 10

Relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow, horizontal band in the upper tropopause:

Back 10

Jet stream

Front 11

Two commonly identified jet streams:

Back 11

Polar jet stream, subtropical jet stream

Front 12

Which direction does the jet stream flow?

Back 12

West to east

Front 13

When are jet steams the strongest and why?

Back 13

Jet steams are associated with boundaries between hot and cold air, these boundaries are most pronounced during the winter and they are the strongest.

Front 14

Jet streams often produce what kind of turbulence?

Back 14

Clear Air Turbulence

Front 15

Which layer of the atmosphere contains most all clouds and precipitation?

A. Troposphere

B. Stratosphere

C. Mesosphere

Back 15

A. Troposphere

Front 16

Which layer of the atmosphere is stable and generally devoid of significant weather?

A. Troposphere

B. Stratosphere

C. Tropopause

Back 16

B. Stratosphere

Front 17

What is the value of sea level pressure on the standard atmosphere?

A. 29.92 hectolascals

B. 29.92 inches of mercury

C. 1013.2 inches of mercury

Back 17

B. 29.92 inches of mercury

Front 18

Which two jet streams are commonly identified?

A. Arctic and tropical

B. Hot and cold

C. Polar and subtropical

Back 18

C. Polar and subtropical

Front 19

What is water vapor?

Back 19

Water in the invisible gaseous form.

Front 20

What is evaporation?

Back 20

The change of liquid water to water vapor

Front 21

What is subliminal ion?

Back 21

Change of ice to water vapor

Front 22

____________ is the raw material for clouds and precipitation.

Back 22

Water vapor

Front 23

__________ is a measure of the hotness or coldness of the air.

Back 23

Temperature

Front 24

The airs capacity to hold water vapor is directly related to its __________.

Back 24

Temperature

Front 25

The maximum possible quantity of water vapor that a parcel of air can hold at any given temperature and pressure:

Back 25

Saturation

Front 26

Saturation means an air parcel contains all the ______ _______ it can hold.

Back 26

Water vapor

Front 27

Unsaturated means the parcel of air has the:

Back 27

Capacity to hold more water vapor

Front 28

The temperature to which a given parcel of air must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water-vapor content in order for saturation to occur:

Back 28

Dew point

Front 29

The ratio, usually expressed as a percentage, of water vapor actually in the air compared to the amount of water vapor the air could hold at a particular temperature and pressure:

Back 29

relative humidity

Front 30

______ _________ does not indicate the actual water vapor content of the air, but rather how close he air is to saturation.

Back 30

Relative humidity

Front 31

The difference between air temperature and dew point temperature is called the "_____"

Back 31

Spread

Front 32

When the temperature-dew point spread decreases, relative humidity _________.

Back 32

Increases

Front 33

When the temperature-dew point spread decreases to zero, the air becomes saturated, and condensation will form ____ or ____.

Back 33

Dew; fog

Front 34

The change of water vapor to liquid water:

Back 34

Condensation

Front 35

What is the raw material for clouds and precipitation?

A. Evaporation

B. Dew point

C. Water vapor

Back 35

C. water vapor

Front 36

A parcel of air that has the capacity to hold more water vapor is ________.

A. Saturated

B. Unsaturated

C. Evaporated

Back 36

B. Unsaturated

Front 37

When the _________ decreases to zero, the air becomes ________, and condensation will for dew, fog, or clouds.

A. Dew point ; saturated

B. Temperature-dew point spread ; saturated

C. Condensation ; unsaturated

Back 37

B. Temperature-dew point spread, saturated

Front 38

A visible mass of tiny water vapor droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earths surface.

Back 38

Cloud

Front 39

________ are formed when air is cooled to its dew point and becomes saturated.

Back 39

Clouds

Front 40

What is cloud formation?

Back 40

When a parcel of rising air expands and cools as pressure decreases with altitude.

Front 41

When a cloud forms what happens to the temperature-dew point spread?

Back 41

It decreases

Front 42

What happens in cloud dissipation?

Back 42

A parcel of sinking air warms as it encounters increasing pressure and is compressed.

Front 43

What happens to the temperature-dew point spread during cloud dissipation?

Back 43

It increases

Front 44

High level clouds which form above 20,000 ft, usually composed of ice crystals, typically thin and white in appearance, contains no significant icing:

Back 44

Cirriform cloud

Front 45

Clouds that resemble white fluffy cotton balls or heaps, indicates upward vertical motion or thermal uplift of air, tops can reach over 60,000 ft, may produce icing, turbulence, and other hazards:

Back 45

Cumuliform cloud

Front 46

Clouds consisting of featureless low layer that can cover sky, often produces widespread IFR weather, little or no turbulence, but can produce icing:

Back 46

Stratiform

Front 47

What is the name for a Stratiform cloud from which rain is falling?

Back 47

Nimbostratus

Front 48

Cumuliform clouds that produce precipitation are called?

Back 48

Cumulonimbus

Front 49

A parcel of ______ air expands and cools as pressure decreases with height.

A. Rising

B. Sinking

C. Stationary

Back 49

A. Rising

Front 50

Which cloud form often produces widespread IFR weather?

A. Corridors

B. Stratiform

C. Cumuliform

Back 50

B. Stratiform

Front 51

A motion relative to the surface of the Earth

Back 51

Wind

Front 52

A maximum of atmospheric pressure on a surface weather chart; also known as anti-cyclone.

Back 52

High weather effects

Front 53

Air flow around high ______ in a _________ motion and sinks.

Back 53

Diverges ; clockwise

Front 54

A minimum of atmospheric pressure on a surface weather chart; also known as a cyclone.

Back 54

Low weather effects

Front 55

Air flow around low ________ in a _____________ motion and rises.

Back 55

Converges ; counterclockwise

Front 56

Air flow around a low _______ in a counter clockwise motion and _______ causing the air to cool and eventually condense into the clouds and precipitation.

A. Diverges ; rises

B. Converges ; sinks

C. Converges ; rises

Back 56

C. Converges ; rises

Front 57

A large body of air that has similar horizontal temperature and moisture characteristics.

Back 57

Air mass

Front 58

Region where air masses originate and acquire their properties of temperature and moisture. These properties are acquired by prolonged contact (days to weeks) with the underlying surface.

Back 58

Air mass source region

Front 59

What are the three temperature properties of an air mass?

Back 59

Arctic (A) deep cold air mass develops mostly in winter over ice and snow.

Polar (P)relatively shallow cool to cold air mass which develops over high latitudes.

Tropical (T) warm to hot air mass which develops over low latitudes.

Front 60

What are the two moisture properties of an air mass?

Back 60

Continental (c) dry air mass over land, Maritime (m) moist air mass over water

Front 61

Continental Arctic (cA) classification means?

Back 61

Cold, dry

Front 62

Continental Polar (cP)

Back 62

Cold, dry

Front 63

Continental Tropical (cT) means?

Back 63

Hot, dry

Front 64

Maritime Polar (mP) means?

Back 64

Cool, moist

Front 65

Maritime Tropical (mT) means?

Back 65

Warm, moist

Front 66

Cold air mass moving over a warm surface often produces unstable air associated with what three things?

Back 66

Turbulence, good visibility(outside of clouds), cumuliform clouds and showers

Front 67

Warm air mass moving over a cold surface often produces stable air associated with what three things?

Back 67

Smooth, poor visibility, Stratiform clouds, fog, and drizzle

Front 68

A boundary or transition zone between two air masses of different density, and thus, (usually) of different temperature.

Back 68

Front

Front 69

A front that moves in such a way that colder air replaces warmer air:

Back 69

Cold Front

Front 70

A front that moves in such a way that warmer air replaces colder air:

Back 70

Warm Front

Front 71

A front which is stationary or nearly so:

Back 71

Stationary Front

Front 72

A composite of two fronts as a cold front overtakes a warm front of stationary front:

Back 72

Occluded Front

Front 73

______ fronts have a steep slope and air is forced upward abruptly.

Back 73

Cold

Front 74

______ fronts typically have a gentle slope so the air rising along the frontal surface is gradual.

Back 74

Warm

Front 75

Narrow bands of cumulus clouds, showers, and thunderstorms along or just ahead of the front if the rising air is unstable, good visibility and turbulence: All associated with what kind of front?

Back 75

Cold Front

Front 76

Development of widespread layered or stratiform cloudiness and precipitation along and ahead of the front if the riding air is stable, poor visibility, smooth air and steady precipitation are all associated with what kind on front?

Back 76

Warm Front

Front 77

_____ fronts typically move faster than _____ fronts so in time they "catch up" to warm fronts.

Back 77

Cold ; Warm

Front 78

When warm and cold fronts merge ________ fronts from.

Back 78

occluded

Front 79

Cold air undercuts the retreating cold air mass associated with the warm front, further lifting the already riding warm air is what kind of front?

Back 79

occluded

Front 80

________ front is a boundary between two different air masses, neither of which is strong enough to replace the other.

Back 80

Stationary

Front 81

A Maritime Tropical (mT) are mass is _______ and _______.

A. warm ; moist

B. Warm ; dry

C. cold ; dry

Back 81

A. warm ; moist

Front 82

A ________ air mass moving over a _________ surface often produces unstable air associated with turbulence, good visibility, cumuliform clouds.

A. hot ;cool

B. warm ; cold

c. cold ; warm

Back 82

C. cold ; warm

Front 83

Which front moves in such a way that warmer air replaces colder air?

A. Cold front
B. Warm front

C. Stationary front

Back 83

B. Warm front

Front 84

What type of front has a steep slope which often leads to a narrow band of showers and thunderstorms if the rising air is unstable?

A. Cold front

B. Warm front

C. Cool front

Back 84

A. Cold front

Front 85

Any of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid, that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground.

Back 85

Precipitation

Front 86

Precipitation requires the three following ingredients:

Back 86

Water Vapor, Lift, and Growth Process

Front 87

A __________ that allows water particles to grow large and heavy enough to fall as precipitation.

Back 87

Growth Process

Front 88

Winds transport __________ inland from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes.

Back 88

Water Vapor

Front 89

Precipitation of snow crystals, mostly branched in the form of six-pointed stars.

Back 89

Snow (SN)

Front 90

_____ occurs when the temperature remains below freezing throughout the entire depth of the atmosphere.

Back 90

Snow

Front 91

Precipitation of transparent of translucent pellets of ice, which are round or irregular, rarely conical, and which have a diameter of 0.2 inch (5mm), or less. Sometimes called "sleet"

Back 91

Ice Pellets (PL)

Front 92

When there is a shallow layer aloft with above freezing temperatures, with a deep layer of below freezing air based at the surface, what occurs?

Back 92

Ice Pellets (PL)

Front 93

As precipitation re-enters air that is below freezing, it re-freezes into ________.

Back 93

Ice pellets (PL)

Front 94

Rain that freezes on contact with the ground or exposed objects.

Back 94

Freezing Rain (FZRA)

Front 95

___________ occurs when there is a deep layer aloft above freezing temperatures, with a shallow layer of below freezing air at the surface.

Back 95

Freezing Rain (FZRA)

Front 96

Precipitation, either in the form of drops larger than 0.02 inch (0.5mm), or smaller drops, which in contrast to drizzle, are widely separated.

Back 96

Rain (RA)

Front 97

_____ occurs when there is a deep layer of above freezing air based at the surface.

Back 97

Rain (RA)

Front 98

The three necessary ingredients for precipitation formation are ________, lift, and a growth process.

A. water vapor

B. unstable air

C. warm air

Back 98

A. Water Vapor

Front 99

Which precipitation type occurs when there is a deep layer aloft with above freezing temperatures, with a shallow layer of below freezing air at the surface?

A. Snow

B. Ice Pellets

C. Freezing Rain

Back 99

C. Freezing Rain

Front 100

Federal agency under the Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Back 100

National Weather Service (NWS)

Front 101

There are how many weather forecast offices in the US?

Back 101

122

Front 102

The NWS offices issue several aviation weather products. There are four:

Back 102

AIRMETS, SIGMETS, CONVECTIVE SIGMETS, TAFs

Front 103

What does CWSU stand for?

Back 103

Center Weather Service Units

Front 104

Where are Center Weather Service Units located?

Back 104

In every ARTCC

Front 105

What do CWSUs provide?

Back 105

Meteorological consultation, forecast.

Front 106

CWSUs give advice to ARTCCs and other FAA facilities regarding weather impact on their: (3 things)

Back 106

Missions, Equipment outages and repairs, Staffing

Front 107

CWSUs issue what two things?

Back 107

Center Weather Advisories (CWAs), Meteorological Impact Statements (MISs)

Front 108

What NWS entity provides consultation, forecast, and advice to Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) regarding weather impacts?
A. Meteorological Watch Offices (MWO)

B. Weather Forecast Office (WFO)

C. Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU)

Back 108

C. Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU)