Atc Basics Block 2

Front 1

What are the two principles of flight and their definition?

Back 1

Bernoulli's principle-area of increased speed and decreased pressure.

Newton's third law-every action has an equal and opposite reaction. W

Front 2

What is the primary source of lift?

Back 2

Pressure differential around an airfoil.

Front 3

What is relative wind

Back 3

The direction of the airflow produced by an object moving through the air.

Front 4

What are the three principle/primary airfoils that produce lift on an aircraft?

Back 4

Wing, horizontal tail surfaces, propeller.

Front 5

What is a chord line?

Back 5

An imaginary straight line from the leading edge to the trailing edge.

Front 6

What is the angle of attack?

Back 6

The acute angle formed between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind.

Front 7

What is camber?

Back 7

The curvature of the airfoil from the leading edge to the trailing edge.

Front 8

What is wing platform?

Back 8

The shape or form of a wing as viewed from above.

Front 9

What is lift?

Back 9

Upward force created by an airfoil when it is moved through the air.

Front 10

What are the three key properties of the atmosphere that affect air density and aircraft performance.

Back 10

Temperature. Altitude. Water vapor (humidity)

Front 11

What is the temperature change as altitude increases?

Back 11

Temp decreases by 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit every 1,000 feet until about 7 miles above earth at -67 degrees

Front 12

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level

Back 12

14.7 psi or 29.92 inches of mercury

Front 13

What effect does higher elevation have on performance of an airplane?

Back 13

Length of runway for takeoff needs to be increased.

Climb of aircraft will decrease.

Length of.

Length of runway for landing roll needs to be increased.

Amount of power from the engine will decrease.

Front 14

What are the three types of propellers.

Back 14

Adjustable pitch

Fixed pitch

Controllable pitch

Front 15

What are the three axes of rotation? What is rotation about the axes called and what control surfaces cause this?

Back 15

Vertical axis-yaw-Rudder

Longitudinal axis-roll-Aileron

Lateral axis-pitch-elevator

Front 16

What is an elevator

Back 16

Hinged surface normally located on the rear of the horizontal stabilizer.

Front 17

What are trim tabs?

Back 17

Small, adjustable, hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the primary control surfaces.

Front 18

What does the throttle, cyclic, and collective control?

Back 18

Throttle controls RPM

Cyclic controls tilt to move forward and back.

Collective controls pitch to move up and down.

Front 19

What is autorotation

Back 19

The state of flight where the main rotor system is being turned by the action of relative wind

Front 20

When does a stall occur?

Back 20

When the airfoil reaches a critical angle of attack which is about 15-20 degrees.

Front 21

What are the three primary causes of stalls?

Back 21

Insufficient airspeed.

Excessively violent flights maneuvers.

Severe wind shear

Front 22

What are three primary types of icing?

Back 22

Structural icing-changes the shape of the airfoil.

Pitot tube icing-airspeed indicator becomes unreliable.

Carburetor icing-reduces the fuel/airflow to the engine. (Can occur between 20 – 70°F.

Front 23

What is wake turbulence?

Back 23

Phenomenon resulting from the passage of an aircraft through the atmosphere.

Front 24

What are vortices?

Back 24

Circular patterns of air created by the movement of an airfoil through the air when generating lift.

Front 25

The strength of the vortex depends on what three factors?

Back 25

Weight, shape of the wing, speed.

Front 26

When is the greatest vortex generated?

Back 26

Heavy, clean, slow.

Front 27

When are vortices generated and when do they end?

Back 27

Vortices are generated at the moment the aircraft generates lift and end at touchdown.

Front 28

What is the sink rate of vortices and how low do they sink?

Back 28

Vortices sink at 300 to 500 ft./m and end 500 to 1000 feet below the flight path.

Front 29

What is the speed that vortices move along the ground?

Back 29

2 to 3 knots.

Front 30

What effect do crosswinds have on vortices moving along the ground?

Back 30

Decrease or stall the movement of one vortex while increasing the movement of the other.

Front 31

What is induced roll?

Back 31

Mechanical force a wake vortex has on an aircraft causing it to spin on its longitudinal axis.

Front 32

At what distance should you avoid operating an aircraft near a helicopter?

Back 32

Three rotor diameters

Front 33

What is jet blast?

Back 33

Jet engine exhaust

Front 34

What are the characteristics of a category one aircraft?

Back 34

12,500 pounds or less, single engine, propeller driven.

Front 35

What are the characteristics of a category two aircraft?

Back 35

12,500 pounds or less, twin engine, propeller driven.

Front 36

What are the characteristics of a category three aircraft?

Back 36

Any other aircraft that does not fall into category one or two.

Front 37

What are the category one general performance characteristics of an airplane?

Back 37

Speed: 100-160 knots

Altitude: 10,000 feet and below

Climb rate: 1000 ft./m or less

Weight class: small

Front 38

What are the category 2 general performance characteristics of an aircraft?

Back 38

Speed: 160 Dash 250 knots

Altitude: FL240 and below

Climb rate: 1000-2000 ft/min

Weight class: small

Front 39

What are the category three general performance characteristics of an aircraft?

Back 39

Speed: 300–550 knots

Altitude: FL450 and below

Climb Rate: 2000 – 4000 ft./m

Weight: specified for each aircraft

Front 40

What is the helicopters general performance characteristics?

Back 40

Speed: 90–160 knots

Altitude: FL200 and below

Climb rate: 500–2,150 ft./m

Weight class: small – large

Front 41

What are the weight class definitions?

Back 41

Small – aircraft less than 41,000 pounds.

Large – aircraft more than 41,000 pounds up to but not including 300,000 pounds.

Heavy – aircraft over 300,000 pounds

Front 42

What are the three types of aircraft engines?

Back 42

Recirprocating, turboprop, turbojet.

Front 43

What are the three types of wing placement?

Back 43

High wing, mid wing, low wing.

Front 44

What are the three types of wing configuration?

Back 44

Straight wing configuration, swept wing configuration, Delta wing configuration.

Front 45

What are the five basic tail configurations?

Back 45

Conventional tail, forward slant vertical stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer above fuselage, T tail, V tail.

Front 46

What are the five types of windows on airplanes?

Back 46

Oval, round, teardrop, square, bubble canopy.

Front 47

What is controlled airspace?

Back 47

Airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR flights and VFR flights.

Front 48

What is class A airspace vertical dimensions?

Back 48

From 18,000 MSL up to and including FL600.

Front 49

What is class B airspace and what is required to operate in it?

Back 49

From the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation's busiest airports.

Require ATC clearance to enter.

Two – way radio communication must be established, mode C transponder, VOR or TACAN navigation.

Front 50

What is class C airspace and what does it require to operate in it?

Back 50

From the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation surrounding airports with a control tower. A circle of a 10 NM radius that extends no lower than 1,200 feet up to 4,000 feet.

Need two – way radio communication, mode C transponder.

Front 51

What is class D airspace and what is required to operate in it

Back 51

From the surface to 2500 feet above airport elevation surrounding airports without a control tower.

Two – way radio communication.

Front 52

What is class E airspace?

Back 52

Extends upward from 1200 feet AGL to but not including 18000 feet MSL.

Front 53

What is class G airspace?

Back 53

Class G airspace normally extends from the surface upwards to the base of the overlying controlled airspace.

Front 54

What is the special use airspace

Back 54

Aerospace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth wherein activities must be confined because of their nature.

Front 55

What are the seven types of special use aerospace?

Back 55

Prohibited area. Restricted area. Warning area. Alert area. Controlled firing area. Military operations area. National security area.

Front 56

What is prohibited area?

Back 56

Prohibited areas are of interest of national security and welfare.

Front 57

What is Restricted area?

Back 57

Airspace above U. S. Land areas or territorial waters. Necessary to confine or segregate activities considered hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft.

Front 58

What is a warning area?

Back 58

Aerospace of defined dimensions extending from 3NM outward from the coast of the United States

Front 59

What is an alert area

Back 59

Areas that contain a high volume of pilot training operations or unusual type of aeronautical activity

Front 60

What is a controlled the firing area

Back 60

Controlled firing areas provide a means to accommodate activities that can be immediately suspended if a nonparticipating aircraft approaches the area.

Front 61

What is military operations area

Back 61

Area of military flight activities such as air combat maneuvers, air intercepts, low altitude tactics.

Front 62

What is national security area

Back 62

Area that has national assets or to protect an area of interest of national security

Front 63

Code of Federal regulations apply to who

Back 63

Applies to all aircraft operating in the United States

Front 64

What is an air traffic clearance

Back 64

Authorization by air traffic control for the purpose of preventing collision between known aircraft and foreign aircraft to proceed underspecified conditions.

Front 65

Who has a final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of the flight?

Back 65

Pilot in command.

Front 66

What is a flight plan?

Back 66

Specified information relating to the intended flight of the aircraft.

Front 67

What is positive control

Back 67

Control of all air traffic within designated airspace by air traffic control

Front 68

What are the conditions to operate an aircraft in the formation?

Back 68

Can not have passengers for hire and had to have made arrangements prior to flight