Astro Final

Front 1

Hinode

Back 1

Japanese Solar Spacecraft, near constant feed of the sun

Front 2

Hipparcos

Back 2

Euro, measured distances and luminosity of thousands of nearby stars

Front 3

Hubble

Back 3

space telescope taking images of planetary nebulie

Front 4

Kepler

Back 4

Designed to detect earth-size planets in habitable zone

Front 5

RHESSI

Back 5

Solar spacecraft, nuclear reactions during solar flares, first to document solar flare activity

Front 6

SOHO

Back 6

spacecraft for the sun, coronograph which observes thousands of corona mass ejections. Measure the pulsations of the sun and internal structure of the sun.

Front 7

Solar Dynamics Observatory

Back 7

the solar atmosphere on small scales of space and time and in many wavelengths simultaneously. SDO has been investigating how the Sun's magnetic field is generated and structured, how this stored magnetic energy is converted and released into the heliosphere and geospace in the form of solar wind, energetic particles, and variations in the solar irradiance

Front 8

Spitzer

Back 8

Infrared Radiation- first telescope to directly capture the light from extrasolar planets, namely the "hot Jupiters"

Front 9

STEREO

Back 9

Two spacecrafts n the same orbit around the sun, which combine to give a 3D picture of coronal mass ejections, earliest detection of space weather

Front 10

TRACE

Back 10

high resolution pictures of the sun and solar flares; designed to investigate the connections between fine-scale magnetic fields and the associated plasma structures on the Sun by providing high resolution images and observation of the solar photosphere and transition region to the corona. A main focus of the TRACE instrument is the fine structure of coronal loops low in the solar atmosphere.

Front 11

Ulysses

Back 11

First and only spacecraft to pass over poles of the sun,

Front 12

Yohkoh

Back 12

Japanese x-ray mission which examined the x-ray radiation of the sun

Front 13

Voyager 1 & 2

Back 13

beyond giant planets, to the edge of heliosphere, now in intersteller space
Voyager 1- second, faster craft, first to image Jovian and Saturnian systems, planets and moons
Voyager 2- first, slower craft, first and only craft to image Neptune and Uranus.

Front 14

Homestake

Back 14

Raymond Davis Jr, used CLEANING FLUID, neutrinos turned chlorine into Argon, first detection of neutrinos

Front 15

Super Kamiokande

Back 15

Masatoshi Koshiba, used PURE WATER in zinc mine, showed neutrinos came from sun, suggestd solar neutrino problem, they change types...

Front 16

Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Back 16

Uses HEAVY WATER, indicates that neturinos have identity crisis, switch types between sun and earth- solves neutrino problem

Front 17

Babcock

Back 17

came up with simple model of how sun spots are made, how magnetic field is generated within sun, and the differential rotation inside the sun windes up magnetic sphere and puffs out the sunspots

Front 18

Barnard

Back 18

look at dark clouds, dust which absorbs starlight behind them

Front 19

Bethe

Back 19

Nobel prize for chop down of the proton chain

Front 20

Davis

Back 20

First to measure neutrinos from the SUN

Front 21

Eddington

Back 21

Most prolific astrologist, realized the sun could shine by converting hydrogen into helium. Emssision nebuli illuminated and heated by bright central star..

Front 22

Ewen

Back 22

student of Purcell, first observed the 21cm line of atomic hydrogen

Front 23

Forbush

Back 23

forbush effect- number of cosmic rays incident on the earth decreases when the solar atiity increases. sun's magnetic activity vary and increase every 11 years

Front 24

Gamow

Back 24

explained radioactivity through tunneling. energetic particles leave nuclei of radioactive things.

Front 25

GOld

Back 25

radio pulsars are single rotating neutron stars

Front 26

Huggins

Back 26

british astronomer who found the forbidden lines in something nebuli

Front 27

Purcell

Back 27

first to detect radio emissions from neutral galactic hydrogen (the famous 21 cm line due to hyperfine splitting), affording the first views of the spiral arms of the Milky Way.[5] This observation helped launch the field of radio astronomy, and measurements of the 21 cm line are still an important technique in modern astronomy.

Front 28

Leighton

Back 28

Discovered pulsations of the sun

Front 29

Maunder

Back 29

famous for the Maunder Minimum- sun spots disappear from the sun, they can vary up and down over longer time frames, study of sunspots and the solar magnetic cycle that led to his identification of the period from 1645 to 1715 that is now known as the Maunder Minimum.

Front 30

Michell

Back 30

some stars have such immense gravity that light isn't emitted

Front 31

Pauli

Back 31

Beta decay

Front 32

Reines

Back 32

Observed neutrinos here on the Earth

Front 33

Schwabe

Back 33

measured the sun-spot cycle (11 years)

Front 34

Schwarzchild

Back 34

examined einsteins general relativity theory and applied it to a single star- light could no longer escape from a collapsing star. Schwarzchild radius is that point now.

Front 35

Stromgen

Back 35

emission nebuli are a certain size, space around bright star is heated and illuminated. size of the emission is based on temp of the star and density of surrounding material. Denser= smaller, stromgren radius=radius of emission nebuli

Front 36

Van De Hulst

Back 36

predicted 21 cm line, emsions based on change of spin of the electron

Front 37

Weizsacker

Back 37

german who first propose CMO cycler converting hydrogen to helium. Carbon axis?

Front 38

Zeeman

Back 38

Observed in the lab: Zeeman effect: length of cosmic magnetism; splitting of a line in the presence of a magnetic field; polarization gives direction of magnetic field.