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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are bronchodilators |
Short term Beta 2 agonist Long acting beta 2 agonist Beta 1 and 2 agonist Alpha 1, beta 1 and beta 2 agonist |
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What are short acting beta 2 agonist |
Albuterol, metaproterenol, terbutaline |
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What are long acting beta 2 agonist |
Salmeterol |
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What are beta 1 and beta 2 agonist |
Isoproterenol |
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What are a1, beta 1 and beta 2 agonist |
Epinephrine |
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What is the mechanism of action of Beta 2 |
Bind B2 receptors in the lung Stimulate the formation of cAMP which cause bronchodilation |
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Why do we give B2 agonists |
For bronchospasms, for prophylaxis(long acting Salmeterol) Aerosolics have low systemic toxicity potential |
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When should we not use them B2 |
When we have uncontrolled arrhythmia |
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What are adverse effects |
Anxiety, tremors, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension and arrhythmia |
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What are examples of xanthine bronchodilators |
Theophylline and aminophylline |
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What is the mechanism of action of xanthine brinchodilators |
Phospodiesterase inhibitors |
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Problem with theophylline |
Narrow therapeutic index There are drugs that affect theophylline elimination(increase theophylline toxicity) |
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What drugs interact with theophylline by increasing toxicity? |
Macrolides(erythromycin) and quinolones(ciprofloxacin) |
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What drugs cause theophylline reduced effects |
CNS depressants phenobarbital Abtepileptics:Carbamezepine Tobacco and marijuana |
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What are some properties of anticholinergic bronchodilators |
M blockers Local bronchodilation (after inhalation) Side effects(dry mouth, mydriasis, tachycardia, urinary retention and constipation) |
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What are some examples of anticholinergic bronchodilators |
Ipratropium(antimuscaranic) Atropine(anticholinergic) |
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When experiencing bronchospasms due to beta blockers, wat do u use |
M-blockers Because beta blockers block agonist so u use another receptor |
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In acute asthma in COPD wat do u do |
adjunct bronchodilator inhalers with anticholinergic bronchodilators |
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What are examples of inhaled corticosteroids |
Beclomethasone Fluticasone Triamcinolone |
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What is oral corticosteroids |
Prednisone |
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What is corticosteroids used for |
Chronic bronchitis Bronchial asthma Allergic rhinitis |
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What are contraindications of corticosteroids? |
Acute bronchospasms |
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What are some adverse effects |
Abdominal distress, anorexia, unpleasant taste and oral fungal infection |
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What are leukotrienes antagonist? MOA? |
Antagonist on LTD4 receptors Montelukast and Zafirlukast |
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What are lipooxygenase antagonist |
Zileuton |
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What are indications of Zileuton |
Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis |
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Adverse reaction of Zileuton |
Headache, dental pain, GI distress, Rash and Zileuton increases LFTs |
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What is the mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizers? |
Prevent degranulations of pulmonary mast cells Inhibit release of histamine, leukotrienes from mast cells No bronchodilator effect |
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What are examples of mast cell stabilizers? |
Cromolyn and Nedocromil |
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What are some indications of mast cell stabilizers |
Prevention of bronchospasms Prophylactic in exercise induced asthma Not acute attack |
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Adverse effects of mast cells stabilizers |
Cough, hoarseness, diahhrea, myalgia, bad taste in the mouth after inhaler |
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What are monoclonal antibody |
MoA: binds to IgE receptors on mast cells Omalizumab |
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What are indications of monoclonal antibodies |
Moderate to severe persistent asthma Not acute attack |
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What are adverse effects of monoclonal |
Local injection site irritation Headache Increased rate of viral and respiratory tract infection |
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How do u manage asthma is infants and young children |
Quick relief:short acting B Albuterol, |
