Asthma

Front 1

Uncomfortale awareness of breathing is called:

Back 1

Dyspnea

Front 2

What are the 2 most common causes of chronic dyspnea?

Back 2

COPD or Heart Failure

Front 3

The 3 most common causes of acute dyspnea are:

Back 3

PE, Pneumothorax, or Pneumonia

Front 4

What is the most common cuase of chronic cough?

Back 4

Cigarette Smoking

Front 5

Mechanical or Chemical irritation of the upper or lower respiratory tracts results in what reflex?

Back 5

Cough

Front 6

What is the most important step in evaluation of cough?

Back 6

History and Physical

Front 7

If cause not apparent from H&P, what is the next step in evaluation of cough?

Back 7

CXR (Chest X-ray)

Front 8

Cough suppression should only be used to treat what?

Back 8

Side Effects (sleep disturbance)

Front 9

What central antitussives are usually used to treat side effects of cough?

Back 9

Dextromethorphan and Codeine (Narcotic)

Front 10

How do central antitussives work?

Back 10

Increase threshold of central cough center

Front 11

How do peripheral antitussives work?

Back 11

Anesthetize peripheral irritant receptors

Front 12

What are common peripheral antitussives used to treat the side effects of cough?

Back 12

Benzonatate, Phenol, Menthol

Front 13

Excess tracheobronchial mucus production causing productiive cough for at least 3 months a year for 2 years is the definition of what?

Back 13

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 14

Abnormal dilatation of terminal airspaces with destruction of alveolar septa si the definition of what?

Back 14

Emphysema

Front 15

How is emphysema diagnosed?

Back 15

Pathologically

Front 16

How is Chronic Bronchitis diagnosed?

Back 16

Clinically

Front 17

Centrilobular emphysema is associated with what?

Back 17

Cigarette Smoking (C's stick together)

Front 18

Panacinar emphysema is associated with what?

Back 18

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (Both have lots of A's)

Front 19

The hallmark of chronic bronchitis is:

Back 19

Cough with Sputum Production

Front 20

Blue Bloaters describes:

Back 20

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 21

Pink Puffers describes:

Back 21

Emphysema

Front 22

Dyspnea initially with rest progressing to dypnea with rest is characteristic of:

Back 22

Emphysema

Front 23

What has been shown to be a predictor of mortality in patients with COPD?

Back 23

FEV1

Front 24

Normal PaCO2 and slightly lowered PaO2 indicates what?

Back 24

Emphysema

Front 25

Elevated PaCO2 and depressed PaO2 indicates what?

Back 25

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 26

Destruction of terminal airspaces is characteristic of what?

Back 26

Emphysema

Front 27

What is the most important step in management of both Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis?

Back 27

Smoking Cessation

Front 28

What is the only pharmacologic therapy that has been proven to improve survival and quality of life in COPD?

Back 28

Oxygen Therapy

Front 29

Decreased FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, DLCO, Increased TLC and RV indicate what?

Back 29

Emphysema

Front 30

Decreased FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, Normal TLC and DLCO and Increased RV indicate what?

Back 30

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 31

Decreased FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, Normal TLC, Increased RV and DLCO indicate what?

Back 31

Asthma

Front 32

Decreased FVC, FEV1, normal to increased FEV1/FVC indiate what?

Back 32

Restrictive Disease

Front 33

An episodic abnormally heightened responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree leading to expiratory airflow obstruction is:

Back 33

Asthma

Front 34

What is a key pathophysiologic feature in asthma?

Back 34

Chronic Airway Inflammation

Front 35

Acute attacks of asthma are often triggered by stimlui that produce bronchoconstriction in the setting of what?

Back 35

Chronic Airway Inflammation

Front 36

What are the most potent and widely used bronchodilators?

Back 36

Beta Agonists

Front 37

What is the mechanism of action of Montelukast and Zafirlukast?

Back 37

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Front 38

What is the mechanism of action of Zileuton?

Back 38

Leukotriene synthesis inhibition

Front 39

This drug is a moderate bronchodilator and may improve respiratory muscle function and increase respiratory drive:

Back 39

Theophylline (and methylxanthines)

Front 40

What are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents available?

Back 40

Corticosteroids

Front 41

What si the first choice bronchodilator in patients with COPD?

Back 41

Ipratropium Bromide (Bronchodilation through vagal stimulation of the airways)

Front 42

What is the classifcation of a patient who has brief exacerbations and symptoms of asthma 2 or less times per week and nighttime symptoms less than twice a month?

Back 42

Mild Intermittent Asthma (No daily medication)

Front 43

What is the treatment for mild intermittent asthma?

Back 43

Short acting Beta agonist PRN

Front 44

What is the classification of a patient who has exacerbations affecting his activity more than twice a week but less than once a day with nighttime symptoms more than twice a month?

Back 44

Mild Persistent Asthma

Front 45

What is the treatment for Mild persistent Asthma?

Back 45

Daily corticosteroids (or cromolyn or nedocromil) and short acting beta agonists PRN

Front 46

What is the classification of a patient who has exacerbations affecting his activity every day and requires daily short acting beta agonists with nighttime symptoms more than once a week?

Back 46

Moderate Persistent Asthma

Front 47

What is the treatment for Moderate Persistent Asthma?

Back 47

Daily inhaled corticosteroids or long acting bronchodilator and short acting beta agonists PRN

Front 48

What is the classification of a patient who has continual asthma symtpoms that limit physical activity and frequent exacerbations with frequent nighttime symptoms?

Back 48

Severe Persistent Asthma

Front 49

What is the treatment for Severe Persistent Asthma?

Back 49

Daily inhaled corticosteroid and long acting bronchodilators and oral corticosteroid

Front 50

The constellation of stais, alteration in blood vessels and hypercoagulability is known as:

Back 50

Virchow's Triad