Astb Aviation And Nautical Terms

Front 1

Fuselage

Back 1

cockpit and cargo area/passenger cavity

Front 2

empennage

Back 2

tail of plane; includes vertical stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer, rudder, trim tabs, elevator

Front 3

vertical stabilizer

Back 3

fin*, includes rudder and trim tab

Front 4

horizontal stabilizer

Back 4

tail ''wing'', includes elevator and trim tab

Front 5

wing

Back 5

includes wing, flap, aileron

Front 6

airfoil

Back 6

aircraft part or surface (wing, propeller blade, or rudder) that controls lift, direction, stability, thrust, or propulsion

Front 7

cantilever and semi-cantilever

Back 7

type of wing that requires no external bracing; or that requires both internal bracing and external support from struts attatched to fusilage

Front 8

ailerons

Back 8

extend from middle of wing out toward the wingtip; move in opposite directions to create aerodynamic forces that cause airplane to roll

Front 9

flaps

Back 9

extend outward from near where wing joins fuselage (wing root) to about the middle of wings trailing edge, when extended, they move downward together to increase the lift of the wing for takeoffs and landings

Front 10

leading edge

Back 10

the thicker, rounded front of the wing

Front 11

camber

Back 11

the curvature of a surface; the maximum distance between the chord line and the mean camber line

Front 12

chord

Back 12

the distance from the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge.

Front 13

mean camber line

Back 13

the curve that lies halfway between the upper and lower surfaces

Front 14

chord line

Back 14

the line from the middle of the leading edge to the middle of the trailing edge

Front 15

thickness

Back 15

the maximum distance b/w upper and lower surfaces

Front 16

planform

Back 16

the shape of the wing viewed from above

Front 17

dihedral angle

Back 17

the angle at which the wings meet at the fuselage; the dihedral angle causes teh wing tips to point upwards. designed for roll stability

Front 18

anhedral

Back 18

when the angle at which the wings meet the fuselage causes the wings to dip downward

Front 19

three basic wing types

Back 19

straight; sweep; delta

Front 20

straight wing

Back 20

straight rectangular wing; straight elliptical or rounded wing; straight tapered wing

Front 21

sweep

Back 21

slightly swept wing; moderately swept wing; sharply swept wing

Front 22

delta

Back 22

simple delta wing; complex delta wing

Front 23

Landing gear

Back 23

Provides the main support for the airplane when it is on the ground (usually consists of three wheels, BUT NOT ALWAYS!!)

Front 24

powerplant

Back 24

propulsion system for an aircraft; either propeller driven or jet propelled

Front 25

thrust

Back 25

a linear reactive force exerted by a propeller, propulsive gases, etc., to propel a ship, aircraft, etc

Front 26

pusher prop

Back 26

propeller design that puts the propeler at the back of the plane

Front 27

pitch

Back 27

the amount of slant on a propeller; there are fixed pitch or variable pitch- a constant speed propeller

Front 28

Jet engines

Back 28

work by forcing incoming air into a tube or cylinder where the air is compressed, mixed with fuel,burned and pushed exhausted at high speed to generate thrust

Front 29

parts of a turbojet engine

Back 29

air intake; low-pressure compressor; high-pressure compressor; burner; high-pressure turbine; low pressure turbine; exhaust nozzle.

Front 30

compressor

Back 30

consists of rotating blades that slow the incoming air to create high pressure; compressed air is forced into a combustion section where it is mixed with fuel and burned

Front 31

turbine

Back 31

contain rotating blades; the exhaust gases turn these blades, which are connected by a shaft to the compressor blades at the front of the engine - the exhaust turns the turbines that turn the compressors to bring in more air and keep the engine going.

Front 32

afterburner

Back 32

a tube placed between the turbine and the rear exhaust nozzle where additional fuel is added to the flow and ignited to provide increased thrust

Front 33

elevators

Back 33

movable control surfaces attached to the back or trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizers; used to move the nose of the airplane up or down during flight

Front 34

rudder

Back 34

a movable control surface attatched to the back of the vertical stabilizer that is used to move the airplane's nose left and right during flight; used in combination with the ailerons for turns

Front 35

trim tabs

Back 35

small movable segments opf the trailing edge of the rudder, elevators, and ailerons; they reduce control pressures and decrease a pilot's workload

Front 36

Newton's first law

Back 36

a body at rest tends to remain at rest , and a body in motion tends to remain in motion, unless acted upon by an outside force

Front 37

Newton's second law

Back 37

F=ma; whenb an object is acted upon by a force, its resulting acceleration is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Front 38

Newton's third law

Back 38

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Front 39

universal gravitation

Back 39

two objects attract each other with a force that is proportioinal to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the suqare of the distance between them

Front 40

four forces acting ipon an aircraft in flight

Back 40

lift, weight, thrust, drag

Front 41

lift

Back 41

pushes the aircraft up

Front 42

weight

Back 42

pulls the aircraft down toward the earth's center

Front 43

thrust

Back 43

pushes the aircraft forward

Front 44

drag

Back 44

tends to slow the aircraft , pushing back on it as it moves forward

Front 45

flight envelope

Back 45

consists of the different combinations of the four forces taht allow the aircraif to be flown safely

Front 46

Bernoulli's Principle

Back 46

as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases (the fastaer a fluid (air) passes over a surface, the less time it has to exert pressure on any given part of that surface.

Front 47

upwash

Back 47

oncoming airstream that is deflected upward and over the wing

Front 48

downwash

Back 48

downward airstream deflection as it passes over the wing and past the trailing edge

Front 49

stall

Back 49

caused by separation of airflow from the wings upper surface, resulting in a rapid decrease in lift

Front 50

weight

Back 50

basic weight, operating weight, gross weight, zero fuel weight

Front 51

basic weight

Back 51

weight of the basic aircraft plus weapons, unusable fuel, oil, ballast, survival kits, oxigen, and any other internal or external equipment on board the aircraft that will not be disposed of during flight

Front 52

operating weight

Back 52

the sum of basic weight plus items such as crew, crew baggage, steward equipment, pylons and racks, emergency equipment, special mission fixed equipment, and all other nonexpendable items not included in basic weght

Front 53

gross weight

Back 53

the total weight of an aircraft, including its contents and externally mounted items at any time

Front 54

landing gross weight

Back 54

weight of aircraft, its contents and external items when the aircraft lands

Front 55

zero fuel weight

Back 55

teh weight of the aircraft without any usable fuel

Front 56

profile drag or parasitic drag

Back 56

caused by the airplane pushing the air out of the way as it moves forward

Front 57

induced drag

Back 57

result of the production of lift. it is the part of the force produced by the wing that is parallel to the relative wind

Front 58

axes of flight

Back 58

lateral (along the wings); longitudinal (along the lenght of plane; vertical axis (yawing. like a pole through cockpit . right-left)