Astb Aviation And Nautical

Front 1

Propulsion is _____ drag during straight and level flight.

Back 1

Greater than

Front 2

When is actual airspeed faster than indicated airspeed?

Back 2

At higher altitudes

Front 3

Two nautical miles are equal to _____ statute miles.

Back 3

2.3

Front 4

Perigee

Back 4

When the Moon is closest to Earth.

Front 5

Apogee

Back 5

When the Moon is the farthest away from Earth.

Front 6

Compass Deviation

Back 6

The error of a magnetic compass due to local magnetism.

Front 7

Fly-By-Wire

Back 7

A flight in which control linkages between the cockpit and control surfaces are electronic, not mechanical.

Front 8

Angle of Attack

Back 8

The angle between the chord line of a wing and the relative wind/airflow.

Front 9

The angle formed between the chord line and the relative airflow is the ______.

Back 9

Angle of attack

Front 10

Ground Effect

Back 10

Wingtip vortices are unable to firm properly when the aircraft is close to the gound, resulting in reduced drag.

Front 11

Aspect Ratio

Back 11

The ratio of the wing thickness to the wing length.

Front 12

Why is a higher aspect ratio better?

Back 12

Wings with high aspect ratios are long and thin, making them more aerodynamic.

Front 13

A high aspect ratio means _____ wings.

Back 13

Long and thin

Front 14

A low aspect ratio means ____ wings.

Back 14

Short and thick

Front 15

Aerodynamics

Back 15

The study of an airflow and its principles.

Front 16

Applied Aerodynamics

Back 16

The science of improving man made objects, like aircraft, in light of the principles of aerodynamics.

Front 17

Bernoulli's Principle

Back 17

The idea that the faster a fluid is moving, the less pressure it exerts.

Front 18

How does Bernoulli's Principle explain how an airfoil works (creates lift)?

Back 18

Air is a fluid. The shape of an airfoil forces the air moving over the top to move faster than the air moving over the bottom. As a result, the higher pressure under the wing pushes the wings up.

Front 19

Camber

Back 19

The degree of curvature on the top of a wing or other airfoil.

Front 20

What does a higher camber induce?

Back 20

Higher speeds on the top of the wing, causing a greater pressure difference.

Front 21

Chord line

Back 21

An imaginary straight line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of a wing.

Front 22

Laminar Flow

Back 22

A streamlined fluid flow, meaning all particles move with the same speed in the same direction.

Front 23

Turbulent Flow

Back 23

An irregular fluid flow, where the particles are continually changing speed and direction.

Front 24

Viscosity

Back 24

The internal friction of a fluid that makes it resistant to flow.

Front 25

What happens when an aircraft stalls?

Back 25

The high angle of attack causes a separation of airflow from the top of the wing, drastically reducing lift.

Front 26

Stall

Back 26

The loss of lift when aircraft reach a high angle of attack.

Front 27

Critical Angle

Back 27

The angle of attack in which aircraft gains maximum lift; any angle beyond the critical angle causes stall.

Front 28

How does high humidity affect engine performance?

Back 28

The water vapor reduces the amount of air available for engine combustion. Overall power from the engine is reduced.

Front 29

Pitot Tube

Back 29

An instrument used to measure fluid flow velocity (airspeed). Consists of a tube pointing directly into the airflow to fnd the pressure of the incoming air.

Front 30

A pitot tube is an important component of measuring ____.

Back 30

Airspeed

Front 31

Why does a pilot dump fuel before an emergency landing?

Back 31

Reduces weight and increases maneuverability.

Front 32

Tetraethyl lead is a fuel additive used to _____.

Back 32

Increase the anti knock quality of gasoline.

Front 33

What is TEL?

Back 33

Tetraethyl lead

Front 34

What is the strongest rope material used?

Back 34

Nylon

Front 35

The Beaufort Scale is used at sea to estimate ______.

Back 35

Wind speed.

Front 36

Carrier-based aircraft all have _____ and generally have ______.

Back 36

Tailhooks, longer wings for stability.

Front 37

The tailhooks of a carrier-borne aircraft is needed to _________.

Back 37

Catch one of the resting cables on the carrier's flight deck.

Front 38

If the pilot pulls back on the control stick, the elevators will ______ and the aircraft nose will ______.

Back 38

Move upward, pitch upward.

Front 39

If the elevators move downward, the aircraft nose will pitch _____

Back 39

Downward.

Front 40

Ailerons move in _____ directions to produce roll.

Back 40

Opposite

Front 41

If the pilot moves the control stick to the left, the left/right ailerons move ____/____ and the aircraft rolls ______.

Back 41

Up/down, counterclockwise

Front 42

When banking right, the left aileron is ____ and the right aileron is ____.

Back 42

Down, up.

Front 43

Spoilers

Back 43

Smaller hinged portions on top of the wing which can slow the aircraft down or generate a rolling motion when used.

Front 44

If the spoilers on both wings deployed, the pilot intends to ______

Back 44

Slow the aircraft down or make the aircraft descend.

Front 45

If only the right wing spoiler is used, the aircraft will roll to the _______.

Back 45

Right (clockwise).

Front 46

______ decrease lift on one wing while increasing lift in the other.

Back 46

Ailerons

Front 47

_______ decrease lift on one wing, as opposed to changing the lift of both wings.

Back 47

Spoilers

Front 48

If thrust and drag are equal, an aircraft's speed _______.

Back 48

Stays constant.

Front 49

Trim Tabs

Back 49

Small moveable segments of control surfaces that reduce the pressure input needed from the pilot (decreasing their workload).

Front 50

Glide Angle

Back 50

The angle between the glide path of the aircraft and the horizontal.

Front 51

Wing Span

Back 51

The length of the aircraft from one wingtip to the other.

Front 52

When does an aircraft stall?

Back 52

When the aircraft's angle of attack exceeds its critical angle, effectively cutting off the airflow over the top of the wing.

Front 53

Autorotation

Back 53

Allowing the movement of air through the rotor to rotate helicopter blades, usually reserved for an engine failure.

Front 54

In case of engine failure or emergencies, a helicopter pilot can employ _____________ to keep he rotor blades moving.

Back 54

Autorotation

Front 55

Total drag is a combination of ____.

Back 55

Parasite drag and induced drag.

Front 56

Engines over _____ are considered high performance.

Back 56

200 horsepower

Front 57

A conventional fixed-wing aircraft is controlled about its longitudinal axis by _______.

Back 57

Ailerons

Front 58

A conventional fixed-wing aircraft is controlled about its lateral axis by _____.

Back 58

Elevators

Front 59

A conventional fixed-wing aircraft is controlled about its vertical axis by _____.

Back 59

The rudder

Front 60

Roll

Back 60

The movement of an aircraft around the longitudinal axis, controlled primarily by the ailerons (fuselage clockwise/counterclockwise).

Front 61

Pitch

Back 61

The movement of an aircraft around the lateral axis, controlled primarily by the elevator(s). (Nose up/down)

Front 62

Yaw

Back 62

The movement of an aircraft around the vertical axis, controlled primarily by the rudder. (Nose left/right)

Front 63

How many nautical miles are in 2 statute miles?

Back 63

1.74

Front 64

How is aspect ratio calculated?

Back 64

(B^2)/S

where B is wing span and S is wing surface area

Front 65

Which of the following causes the greatest amount of lift when doubled?

-Coefficient of lift

-Velocity

-Air density

-Area

Back 65

Velocity

Front 66

At a 0 degree angle of attack, a symmetric airfoil produces ___ lift than a positively cambered airfoil.

Back 66

Less

Front 67

Longer wings have a ____ glide angle than shorter wings.

Back 67

More shallow

Front 68

Vertigo

Back 68

The sensation of spinning while your body is stationary.

Front 69

Hypoxia

Back 69

A deficiency of oxygen in the body, often caused by high altitude conditions.

Front 70

What causes the sonic boom when a jet breaks the sound barrier?

Back 70

The air molecules are forced back by the aircraft's supersonic displacement, creating a shock wave.

Front 71

Dihedral Wings

Back 71

Aircraft wings that are angled upward from the fuselage.

Front 72

What is the purpose of dihedral wings?

Back 72

The shape adds lateral stability, which helps stop unintentional rolling. Aircraft without dihedral wings have no forces to bring the plane back to level flight after banking or rolling.

Front 73

VFR stands for ______.

Back 73

Visual Flight Rules

Front 74

Winglet

Back 74

Curved devices at the end of the wing that increase lift efficiency.

Hint 74

Wingtip device

Front 75

How do wingless improve lift efficiency?

Back 75

Winglet curve upwards at the end of the wing, smoothing the airflow and the end of the wing and reducing the drag caused by the wingtip vortices.

Front 76

Canards

Back 76

A smaller forewing placed in front of the main wing of an aircraft.

Front 77

What is the purpose of canards?

Back 77

-Distribution of lift

-Horizontal stabilizer

-Pitch control and trim on a tailless aircraft

Front 78

STP stands for _________.

Back 78

Standard Temperature and Pressure.

Front 79

The FAA STP is _______ and _________.

Back 79

15 degrees Celsius, 29.92 inches of mercury (1 standard atmosphere).

Front 80

FAA

Back 80

Federal Aviation Administration

Front 81

How are lift and drag affected if the wing area is doubled?

Back 81

Lift and drag are also doubled.

Front 82

Centering the control stick after banking will move the ailerons to _____ but the ________ will not change.

Back 82

Neutral, bank angle.

Front 83

Where is the vertical axis?

Back 83

Through the fuselage, perpendicular to the other two axes.

Front 84

Where is the longitudinal axis?

Back 84

Through the nose, along the body of the fuselage.

Front 85

Where is the lateral axis?

Back 85

Through the wings.

Front 86

The force of lift acts _________ to the airflow.

Back 86

Perpendicular

Front 87

Cowling

Back 87

A streamlined metal housing/covering for the engine.

Front 88

What are the advantages of an engine cowling?

Back 88

-Aerodynamic union between engine and fuselage/wing

-Protection from external objects

-Allows cooling air to reach the engine

Front 89

________ can increase lift in a slow-speed environment.

Back 89

Wing flaps

Front 90

As air density increases, ____ and ____ also incease.

Back 90

Lift, Drag

Front 91

For a helicopter, the higher the air density, the ________ the rate of climb.

Back 91

Lower

Front 92

At what altitude is supplemental oxygen required on an aircraft?

Back 92

10,000 ft

Front 93

At what altitude is a pressure suit required?

Back 93

50,000 ft

Front 94

What was the Apollo 11 mission?

Back 94

Man's first successful moon landing.

Front 95

Who were the astronauts on Apollo 11?

Back 95

Neil Armstrong, USAF

Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, USAF

Michael Collins

Front 96

What are the two kinds of fuselage?

Back 96

Truss and monocoque

Front 97

Truss Fuselage

Back 97

A fuselage primarily structured by welded tube trusses.

Front 98

Monocoque Fuselage

Back 98

A fuselage where a reinforced exterior shell is the primary structure.

Front 99

The NFO in an F-18 is also known as a _______.

Back 99

RIO (Radio Intercept Officer).

Front 100

Yaw is defined as motion about the __________.

Back 100

Vertical axis.

Front 101

Roll is defined as motion about the ____________.

Back 101

Longitudinal axis

Front 102

Pitch is defined as motion about the ________

Back 102

Lateral axis

Front 103

What are the five major components of an airplane?

Back 103

Wings

Fuselage

Empennage

Engine

Landing gear

Front 104

Afterburner

Back 104

A device built into an engine to increase the thrust.

Front 105

How do afterburners increase thrust?

Back 105

The afterburner dumps fuel into the hot exhaust gas exiting the engine; the mixture creates another controlled explosion.

Front 106

Why would pilots prefer to land into the wind?

Back 106

Reduces ground speed during landing.

Front 107

The greater the degree of bank turn, the greater the chance of _______.

Back 107

Stalling.

Front 108

Variable Sweep Wings

Back 108

Wings with more than one position (ex. swept and extended wings on F-14)

Hint 108

Swing-Wing

Front 109

What is the advantage of swept-position wings?

Back 109

Swept wings decrease drag at high speeds.

Front 110

What is the advantage of extended-position wings?

Back 110

Extended wings decrease ground speed, and increase lift at slower speeds.

Front 111

Planform

Back 111

The shape of the aircraft when viewed from above.

Front 112

Wing Load

Back 112

The ratio of wing surface area to the aircraft weight.

Front 113

Induced drag increases in direct proportion to _______.

Back 113

Angle of attack.

Front 114

Lift is best in _____ air, _______ temperatures, and ________ altitudes.

Back 114

Dry, colder, low.

Front 115

What three components make up the aircraft structure?

Back 115

Fuselage

Empennage

Wings

Front 116

All motions of an aircraft take place around the ___________.

Back 116

Center of gravity.

Front 117

The first Fly-By-Wire was tested in 1992 by a(n) ________.

Back 117

F-8

Front 118

When an airplane banks into a turn, the lift component acts ______ to Earth's surface and opposes ______.

Back 118

Parallel, inertia

Front 119

What two turn indicators are in the aircraft?

Back 119

Turn coordinator

Turn and slip indicator

Front 120

_______ are designed to minimize a pilot's workload by aerodynamically assisting the movement and position of control surfaces.

Back 120

Trim systems

Front 121

The tail section of the airplane is called the ______.

Back 121

Empennage

Front 122

What are the four aerodynamic forces acting in flight?

Back 122

Lift

Weight

Thrust

Drag

Front 123

How does thin air affect engine performance?

Back 123

Available air is reduced, therefore:

-horsepower output is decreased

-propellers produce less thrust

-takeoff distance increases

-climb performance decreases

Front 124

Why do some aircraft use variable sweep?

Back 124

The variable sweep allows an aircraft to switch between better aerodynamics and better stability.

(ex. An F-14 uses swept wings in flight, extended wings for takeoff/landing.)

Front 125

Trim System

Back 125

A system for minimizing the pilot's workload by relieving the pressure input needed to move control surfaces.

Front 126

Control Surfaces

Back 126

Devices on the body of the aircraft that control how it moves.

Front 127

What are the primary control surfaces for a fixed-wing aircraft?

Back 127

Ailerons

Elevator

Rudder

Front 128

Ailerons

Back 128

Hinged sections of the wing's trailing edge that control aircraft roll.

Front 129

Elevator

Back 129

The hinged portion of the horizontal stabilizer that controls aircraft pitch.

Front 130

Rudder

Back 130

The hinged section of the vertical stabilizer that controls aircraft yaw.

Front 131

Horizontal Stabilizer (tailplane)

Back 131

The horizontal element of the empennage, including the elevator.

Front 132

Vertical Stabilizer

Back 132

The vertical element of the empennage, including the rudder.

Front 133

What are the secondary control surfaces for a fixed-wing aircraft?

Back 133

Flaps

Spoilers

Slats

Air Brakes

Front 134

Flaps

Back 134

Hinged sections of the inboard trailing edge that deflect down to increase the camber of the wing.

Front 135

Spoilers are also known as ________.

Back 135

Lift Dumpers

Front 136

Slats

Back 136

Extensions of the wing's leading edge that reduce stalling speed by altering the airflow over the wing.

Front 137

Air Brakes

Back 137

Surfaces deflecting outwards from the fuselage used to increase drag.

Front 138

Adverse Yaw

Back 138

The tendency of an aircraft to yaw in the opposite direction of a roll.

Front 139

What causes adverse yaw?

Back 139

The difference in profile drag between the up and down ailerons.

Front 140

How do differential ailerons reduce adverse yaw?

Back 140

Differential ailerons are designed so that the down aileron deflects less than the up aileron, reducing the differences in drag.

Front 141

Differential Ailerons

Back 141

Ailerons designed so that their upwards deflection is more than their downwards deflection.

Front 142

When a pilot pushes the left rudder pedal, the rudder edge moves to the _______ and the aircraft yaws ________.

Back 142

Left, Left

Front 143

If a pilot pushes down the right rudder pedal, the rudder deflects to the ______, pushing the tail ______ and moving the nose to the _______.

Back 143

Right, left, right.

Front 144

Thrust

Back 144

The force moving the aircraft in the direction of motion, created by a propeller or engine.

Front 145

Weight

Back 145

The downward force on an aircraft caused by Earth's gravity.

Front 146

Lift

Back 146

The upwards force on an aircraft that holds it in the air, created mostly by the airfoil of the wing.

Front 147

Drag

Back 147

The force directly opposing the forward motion of the aircraft, caused by friction and air pressure difference.

Front 148

Pri-Fly

Back 148

Primary Flight Control, the control tower where all aircraft activity is coordinated.

Front 149

Aircraft carrier activity on the flight deck is controlled by the air boss and mini boss in _________.

Back 149

Pri-Fly (Primary Flight Control)

Front 150

The Landing Signals Officer takes over the direction of a landing aircraft when it is _______ from the flight deck.

Back 150

0.75 miles (1.2km)

Front 151

Coefficient of Lift

Back 151

A dimensionless value comparing the lift of an object to the fluid density around it.

(Higher lift coefficient = more efficient)

Front 152

How do you calculate the lift coefficient?

Back 152

L/[0.5p(v^2)S]

L=lift force

p=fluid density

v=true airspeed

S=relevant area

Front 153

Parasite drag is a combination of _________________.

Back 153

Form drag, skin friction drag, and interference drag.

Front 154

Parasite Drag

Back 154

Drag caused by the movement of an object through a fluid.

Front 155

Form Drag

Back 155

Drag caused by the shape of an object (i.e. the airfoil).

Front 156

Skin Friction Drag

Back 156

Drag that varies with the type of fluid flow over the wing (laminar/turbulent).

Front 157

Induced Drag

Back 157

Drag created by the redirection of airflow by the airfoil.

Front 158

The Beaufort Scale

Back 158

The scale of wind speed based on the appearance of the wind's effects on water and land.

Front 159

Delta Wings

Back 159

Wings shaped in the form of a triangle, used on airplanes designed for supersonic speeds.

Front 160

Swept Wing

Back 160

Wings that extend from the fuselage at a backwards angle.

Front 161

Straight wing

Back 161

Wings that extend from the fuselage at right angles.

Front 162

Flying Wing

Back 162

Wings that form the majority of an aircraft, with a narrow fuselage in the center.

Front 163

Forward-Swept Wings

Back 163

Wings on the back of the fuselage extending at a forward angle. (Appears to fly backwards)

Front 164

Visual Flight Rules

Back 164

A set of regulations for pilots operating an aircraft in clear weather conditions (must be able to see outside the aircraft).

Front 165

The weather must be better than the __________ to operate under VFR.

Back 165

VMC (Visual Meteorological Conditions)

Front 166

Instrument Flight Rules

Back 166

A set of regulations for pilots flying by reference to instruments and electronic signals (due to low visibility).

Front 167

VMC

Back 167

Visual Meteorological Conditions, the minimum conditions for pilots to fly under VFR.

Front 168

An unlighted buoy that marks the right side of a channel when facing inland is a ________.

Back 168

Nun buoy

Front 169

Nun Buoy

Back 169

A unlighted buoy marking the right side of a maritime channel when facing inland.

Front 170

An unlighted buoy used to mark the left side of a channel when facing inland is a __________.

Back 170

Can buoy

Front 171

Can Buoy

Back 171

An unlighted buoy marking the left side of a channel when facing inland.

Front 172

Fog is generally formed by ________.

Back 172

Warm air moving over cold water.

Front 173

Which of the following is not an aid to navigation and why?

Buoys

Fog Signals

Mountain Peaks

Loran

Back 173

Mountain peaks is a landmark. It was not made solely to assist with navigation.

Front 174

What is the temperature at mean sea level?

Back 174

15 degrees Celsius

Front 175

What is the pressure at mean sea level?

Back 175

29.92 inches of mercury/1 standard atmosphere

Front 176

If you are told to take the helm, you are expected to _________.

Back 176

Steer the ship.

Front 177

At a high-altitude airport, landing distance ______.

Back 177

Increases.

Front 178

What is the standard weight of gasoline in an aircraft?

Back 178

6 lb/US gallon

Front 179

What does a flashing white indicate for an aircraft in flight?

Back 179

Nothing.

Front 180

What does a steady green light indicate for an aircraft in flight?

Back 180

The aircraft is cleared to land.

Front 181

What does a flashing green light indicate for an aircraft in flight?

Back 181

Cleared to approach, or return to land.

Front 182

What does a steady red light indicate for an aircraft in flight?

Back 182

Keep circling, give way to others in the landing pattern.

Front 183

What does a flashing red light indicate for an aircraft in flight?

Back 183

Airport is unsafe, do not land.

Front 184

What does an alternating red and green light indicate for an aircraft in flight?

Back 184

Exercise extreme caution.

Front 185

What do blinking runway lights indicate for an aircraft in flight?

Back 185

Clear the runway for landing.

Front 186

What does a flashing white light indicate for an aircraft on the ground?

Back 186

Return to starting point.

Front 187

What does a steady green light indicate for an aircraft on the ground?

Back 187

Cleared for takeoff.

Front 188

What does a flashing green light indicate for an aircraft on the ground?

Back 188

Cleared to taxi.

Front 189

What does a steady red light indicate for an aircraft on the ground?

Back 189

Stop.

Front 190

What does a flashing red light indicate for an aircraft on the ground?

Back 190

Immediately taxi clear of runway.

Front 191

What does an alternating red and green light indicate for an aircraft on the ground?

Back 191

Exercise extreme caution.

Front 192

What do blinking runway lights indicate for an aircraft on the ground?

Back 192

Clear the landing area in use.

Front 193

What does a flashing white light indicate for ground personnel and vehicles?

Back 193

Return to starting point.

Front 194

What does a steady green light indicate for ground personnel and vehicles?

Back 194

Cleared to cross/proceed.

Front 195

What does a flashing green light indicate for ground personnel and vehicles?

Back 195

Nothing

Front 196

What does a steady red light indicate for ground personnel and vehicles?

Back 196

Stop.

Front 197

What does a flashing red light indicate for ground personnel and vehicles?

Back 197

Clear the taxiway/runway.

Front 198

What does an alternating red and green light indicate for ground personnel and vehicles?

Back 198

What do blinking runway lights indicate for ground personnel and vehicles?

Hint 198

Clear the landing area in use.

Front 199

What do blinking runway lights indicate for ground personnel and vehicles?

Back 199

Clear the landing area in use.

Front 200

What is the transponder code for an emergency?

Back 200

7700

Front 201

What is the transponder code for loss of communication?

Back 201

7600

Front 202

If a pilot is flying under standard day conditions at sea level, his true airspeed is ___________ indicated airspeed.

Back 202

Equal to

Front 203

How are airport runways numbered?

Back 203

According to their first two digits of compass direction.

Front 204

The standard weight for oil used in an airplane is ______.

Back 204

7.5 lb/US gallon

Front 205

Airport lights used to illuminate the runway are _______.

Back 205

White.

Front 206

Airport lights used to illuminate the taxiway are _____.

Back 206

Blue.

Front 207

The international date line is located at the ______ meridian.

Back 207

180th

Front 208

When a person is reported overboard, the first action taken is ________.

Back 208

Throwing life buoys over at once.

Front 209

Time zones are bands of longitude generally ________ in width.

Back 209

15 degrees

Front 210

The difference in time from one time zone to the next is _________.

Back 210

1 hour

Front 211

Shios/boats are steered by one or more rudders at the stern. The faster the vessel is moving, the _________ the pressure against the rudder and the _______ the turning effect.

Back 211

Greater, faster

Front 212

Port, starboard, forward, and aft correlate to ____, _____, _____, and _____.

Back 212

Left, right, forward, behind.

Front 213

On an aircraft carrier, a tractor driver or elevator operator wears a _______ shirt.

Back 213

Blue.

Front 214

Bulkhead

Back 214

A wall or other vertical surface within a ship.

Front 215

Which of the following is a flight instrument?

-tachometer

-fuel flow indicator

-control column

-altimeter

Back 215

Altimeter

Front 216

All orders and commands affecting the ship originate from where?

Back 216

The bridge.

Front 217

Which of the following could operate outside Earth's atmosphere?

-jet engine

-rocket engine

-turbofan engine

-four-stroke diesel engine

Back 217

Rocket engine

Front 218

Where are spoilers, ailerons, winglets, and flaps found on a wing?

Back 218

Spoiler- middle of upper wing

Aileron- on trailing edge, outboard (closer to wing tip)

Winglet- attached to wing tip

Flap- on trailing edge, inboard (closer to fuselage)

Front 219

The standard weight of water in an aircraft is ________.

Back 219

8.35 lb/ US gallon

Front 220

What is the standard weight of water in an airplane?

Back 220

8.35 lb/US gal

Front 221

What is the standard weight of oil in an airplane?

Back 221

7.5 lb/US gallon

Front 222

The standard weight of oil in an airplane is _________.

Back 222

7.5 lb/US gal

Front 223

Which is heavier, warm or cold air?

Back 223

Cold air

Front 224

Which is heavier, humid or dry air?

Back 224

Dry air.

Front 225

A runway numbered 13 is mostly facing which direction?

Back 225

Southeast.

Front 226

A runway numbered 36 at one end is facing which directions?

Back 226

Due north and due south.

Front 227

If a runway is numbered 09 at one end, the other end is numbered ___.

Back 227

27

Front 228

If one end of a runway is numbered 33, the other end is numbered ____.

Back 228

15

Front 229

Pensacola Regional Airport (PNS) has a runway labeled 09-27. This means the ends of the runway are pointing _____.

Back 229

Due east and due west.

Front 230

What are the general characteristics if a warm front?

Back 230

A long, steady period of rain and fog.

Front 231

Where is longitude measured from?

Back 231

The Prime Meridian.

Front 232

Where is latitude measured from?

Back 232

The equator.

Front 233

An aircraft instructed to land on runway 23L would establish a heading approach of _______.

Back 233

230°

Front 234

An aircraft instructed to land on runway 06 would establish an approach heading of ____.

Back 234

060°

Front 235

What color lights identify and illuminate a runway?

Back 235

White lights

Front 236

What color are the port and starboard running lights on a ship?

Back 236

Red on port, green on starboard.

Front 237

What color is the stern running light on a ship?

Back 237

White

Front 238

What color is a towing light?

Back 238

Yellow

Front 239

"Rudder amidships" means to ________.

Back 239

Align the rudder with the keel of the ship.

Front 240

When a pilot pulls back on the control stick, the elevators will _____.

Back 240

Move upward

Front 241

When is dead reckoning necessary?

Back 241

When there is little to no visibility or no terrain features to follow (open ocean).

Front 242

The altimeter typically shows the height of the aircraft above a particular pressure level in what units?

Back 242

Thousands of feet

Front 243

The standard watch length for the OOD on an aircraft carrier is _____.

Back 243

4 hours

Front 244

The tail section of an airplane is also called the ______.

Back 244

Empennage

Front 245

The Latin phrase "Semper Paratus" is the motto of which service?

Back 245

US Coast Guard

Front 246

A flashing green air traffic control light directed to an aircraft on the ground is a signal that the pilot _______________.

Back 246

Has clearance to taxi

Front 247

The four aerodynamic forces acting in flight are ___________.

Back 247

Lift, thrust, weight, drag

Front 248

A nautical mile is approximately _____ feet.

Back 248

6076

Front 249

What are the cycles of an internal combustion aircraft engine?

Back 249

Intake, compression, combustion/power, exhaust.

Front 250

Which of these aircraft climbs at the steepest angle?

-AH-64 Apache

-Cessna 310

-F-4 Phantom

-AC-130 Spectre

Back 250

F-4 Phantom

Front 251

The term "Bravo Zulu" traditionally means ________.

Back 251

Well done.

Front 252

Which of the following were not in the US space program?

-Redstone

-Atlas

-Challenger

-Columbia

-Delta

-Titan

Back 252

Delta

Front 253

Freeboard

Back 253

The height of a ship between the waterline and the deck.

Front 254

What color shirts do medical personnel wear on an aircraft carrier?

Back 254

White

Front 255

All aircraft motion takes place about the ___________.

Back 255

The center of gravity

Front 256

What are grapes on an aircraft carrier?

Back 256

Personnel handling aviation fuels, as they wear purple jerseys.

Front 257

What are the three stages of a thunderstorm?

Back 257

Cumulus stage

Mature stage

Dissipating stage

Front 258

The three stages of a thunderstorm are ___________.

Back 258

Cumulus, mature, and dissipating.

Front 259

Terrain Association

Back 259

Determining location by identifying ground features with their graphic representations on a map.

Front 260

What aircraft always has the right of way?

Back 260

An aircraft declaring an emergency

Front 261

An object that is abeam of the ship is ____________.

Back 261

An object with a relative bearing of either 90° or 270° to the ship.

Front 262

What three components make up the body of an aircraft?

Back 262

Fuselage

Empennage

Wings

Front 263

Which of the following is a deck fitting?

-Bulkhead

-marines pike

-cleat

-hatch

-quarterdeck

Back 263

Cleat

Front 264

Windlass

Back 264

A horizontal cylinder around which a cable/rope/chain is wound, usually turned by a motor.

Front 265

Cables, ropes, and chains are wound around a horizontal cylinder called a _______.

Back 265

Windlass

Front 266

Yaw is ________ movement of the nose.

Back 266

Side to side

Front 267

Leeward

Back 267

The part of the ship that is sheltered/away from the relative wind.

Front 268

Windward

Back 268

The side of the ship facing the wind.

Front 269

An unusable runway is marked by _______.

Back 269

A large white X.

Front 270

Pitch is the _______ movement of the nose.

Back 270

Up and down

Front 271

Air is primarily composed of what element?

Back 271

Nitrogen.

Front 272

What is the general composition of air?

Back 272

78% nitrogen

21% oxygen

1% argon

Trace amounts of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, etc.

Front 273

Notice to Mariners

Back 273

The US Coast Guard program that issues information and updates to aid in updating nautical charts and similar publications.

Front 274

Adding corrections for temperature and pressure to calibrated airspeed will give you _______.

Back 274

True airspeed

Front 275

CAS

Back 275

Calibrated Airspeed

Front 276

A port quartering sea describes what?

Back 276

Seas arriving at an angle on the left side of the stern.

Front 277

A starboard quartering sea describes what?

Back 277

Seas arriving at an angle on the right side of the stern.

Front 278

If a ship is secured by a single anchor, it is considered ________.

Back 278

Anchored

Front 279

If a ship is secured by two anchors, it is considered _______.

Back 279

Moored

Front 280

The Beaufort Scale describes ______.

Back 280

Wind speed

Front 281

What happens to atmospheric pressure when altitude inscreases?

Back 281

Atmospheric pressure decreases.

Front 282

A chord refers to what?

Back 282

The straight line distance between the leading and trailing edges of a wing.

Front 283

How does temperature change as altitude increased?

Back 283

Temperature decreases.

Front 284

Slanted lettering on a nautical chart indicates __________________.

Back 284

Information affected by tidal changes and currents.

Front 285

Quay

Back 285

A pier/dock providing shipside access for passengers and cargo.

Front 286

Takeoff distance _________ in high temperatures.

Back 286

Increases

Front 287

Landing distance _________ at high-altitude airports.

Back 287

Increases

Front 288

Quarterdeck

Back 288

The part of the ship reserved for official and ceremonial functions.

Front 289

What are the important factors in determining the swinging radius of the ship at anchor?

Back 289

-overall ship length

-amount of anchor line

-depth of the water

Front 290

_____ acts perpendicular to the direction of relative motion.

Back 290

Lift

Front 291

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

Back 291

A UN-based organization that organizes aeronautical standards and recommended practices for international air navigation and operation.

Front 292

What are the five major components of an airplane?

Back 292

Wings

Fuselage

Empennage

Landing gear

Engine

Front 293

Thwart

Back 293

A strut placed left to right in the ship to brace the structure.

Front 294

Gunwale

Back 294

The top edge of a ship/boat.

Front 295

Transom

Back 295

The vertical surface that forms the stern of a ship/boat.

Front 296

Stem

Back 296

The most forward part of a bow, as an extension of the keel.

Front 297

Bilge

Back 297

The lowest compartment on a ship, where the two sides meet at the keel.

Front 298

Orlop Deck

Back 298

The lowest deck of the ship where cables are stowed, generally below waterline.

Front 299

Poop Deck

Back 299

A deck that forms the roof of a cabin built in the rear of a ship.

Front 300

Forecastle

Back 300

The upper deck of a sailing ship in front of the foremast, or the bow half if the ship.

Front 301

Foremast

Back 301

The superstructure or arrangement of spars near the centerline of the ship, often carrying sails or radar equipment.

Front 302

Load Line

Back 302

Where the hull of the ship meets the surface of the ship. (Waterline)

Front 303

Draft

Back 303

The distance between the waterline and keel of a ship, which determines the minimum depth of water a ship can navigate.

Front 304

Where is the most stable place to stand in a boat.

Back 304

Bottom center

Front 305

What ranks are company grade officers?

Back 305

Ensign through Captain

Front 306

Which ranks are flag officers?

Back 306

Commodores and admirals.

Front 307

Compass Deviation

Back 307

The error of a magnetic compass due to local magnetism.

Front 308

When is autorotation used?

Back 308

When a helicopter has lost engine power and requires an emergency landing.

Front 309

What is a Fly By Wire?

Back 309

Control linkages between the cockpit and the control surfaces, which are electronic rather than mechanical.

Front 310

What color lights are on the sides of a ship?

Back 310

Red lights on port side, green lights on starboard

Front 311

Spring Tide

Back 311

The large rise and fall of the tide around the new and full moon.

Front 312

Neap Tide

Back 312

The midway points between spring tides that attain the lowest height.

Front 313

Yawl

Back 313

A double mast sailing vessel.

Front 314

Sloop

Back 314

A single mast sailing vessel.

Front 315

If you are relying solely on instruments to navigate, you are using _________.

Back 315

Dead reckoning

Front 316

Dead Reckoning

Back 316

Navigating using only charts and instruments.

Front 317

If you are operating a sailing vessel, which vessels do you give way to?

Back 317

Vessels not under command

Vessel restricted in their ability to maneuver

Fishing vessels

Other sailing vessels if they are overtaking or have right of way

Front 318

If you are operating a power-driven vessel, what other vessels must you give way to?

Back 318

Vessels not under commandVessel restricted in their ability to maneuverFishing vessels

Sailing vesselsOther power-driven vessels if they are overtaking or have right of way

Front 319

If two sailing vessels meet and the wide is on the same side, which is the stand on vessel?

Back 319

The leeward/downward vessel.

Front 320

If two sailing vessels meet and the wind is on different sides, who is the stand on vessel?

Back 320

The vessel with wind on its starboard side.

Front 321

The _________ vessel is expected to maintain course and speed.

Back 321

Stand-on

Front 322

The _______ vessel changes their course and speed during right of way situations.

Back 322

give-way

Front 323

How does a headwind affect takeoff?

Back 323

Shortens takeoff distance and increase angle of climb.

Front 324

How does a tailwind affect takeoff?

Back 324

Increases takeoff distance and decreases angle of climb

Front 325

What is the nautical to statute mile ratio?

Back 325

8 to 7

Front 326

What is a yellow ship light used for?

Back 326

Special circumstances

Front 327

What is variation?

Back 327

The difference between true and magnetic bearing.

Front 328

A ship in Annapolis harbor is heading due north (000°). If the variation is 10° west, what is their magnetic bearing?

Back 328

350°

Front 329

What is the transponder code for hijacking?

Back 329

7500

Front 330

What is the condition where there is a lack of oxygen in the bloodstream, causing a blackout?

Back 330

Hypoxia

Front 331

What is the condition where a person feels like they are constantly moving or experiencing turbulence?

Back 331

Vertigo

Front 332

What clouds are considered high level clouds? (Above 18000-20000 ft)

Back 332

Cirrus

Cirrocumulus

Cirrostratus

Front 333

A cirrostratus cloud is considered a ___________ cloud.

Back 333

High level

Front 334

A cirrus is a high level cloud, meaning it occurs above __________ ft.

Back 334

18000-20000

Front 335

What clouds are considered low level clouds?

Back 335

Stratocumulus

Stratus

Cumulus

Nimbostratus

Front 336

Stratus and cumulus clouds are ______ level clouds.

Back 336

Low

Front 337

Nimbostratus and stratocumulus clouds are found below _______ ft.

Back 337

6000-6500

Front 338

Which clouds are considered mid-level clouds?

Back 338

Altocumulus

Altostratus

Nimbostratus

Front 339

What are the five altitude categories?

Back 339

Indicated

True

Absolute

Pressure

Density

Front 340

Indicated Altitude

Back 340

Uncorrected altitude read directly from the altimeter.

Front 341

True Altitude

Back 341

The actual vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.

Front 342

Absolute Altitude

Back 342

The vertical distance of an aircraft above ground level (AGL).

Front 343

Pressure Altitude

Back 343

Altitude indicated when the altimeter setting barometric scale is set to 29.92. Used to compute density altitude and true altitude/airspeed.

Front 344

Density Altitude

Back 344

Pressure altitude corrected for variations of standard temperature and pressure. (Directly related to aircraft performance)

Front 345

What is a VSI?

Back 345

Vertical Speed Indicator

Front 346

Altimeter

Back 346

A flight instrument indicating height above a particular air pressure level.

Front 347

Vertical Speed Indicator

Back 347

A flight instrument indicating the climb or descent of an aircraft in feet per minute.

Front 348

Airspeed Indicator

Back 348

A flight instrument that measures the difference between the static pressure and pitot pressure in mph/knots.

Front 349

What are the four types of airspeed?

Back 349

Indicated

Calibrated

Equivalent

True

Front 350

Indicated Airspeed

Back 350

The air pressure reading from the pitot tube.

Front 351

Calibrated Airspeed

Back 351

Airspeed calculated after taking aircraft/mechanical/position errors into account.

Front 352

Equivalent Airspeed

Back 352

Airspeed calculated after compensating for air compression effects (for 200+ mph).

Front 353

True Airspeed

Back 353

Airspeed calculated after taking temperature and atmospheric pressure changes into account.

Front 354

Turn Indicator

Back 354

A flight instrument indicating the position and quality (coordination) of a turn.

Front 355

Attitude Indicator

Back 355

A flight instrument indicating the banking/pitching/yawning motion of the aircraft.

Front 356

Heading Indicator

Back 356

A flight instrument that uses electronic stabilizers to indicate the magnetic heading.

Front 357

What color are taxiway markings at the airport?

Back 357

Yellow

Front 358

How is the centerline marked on a taxiway?

Back 358

A solid yellow line.

Front 359

How are the edges of a taxiway marked?

Back 359

A double solid yellow line.

Front 360

How are holding line represented on a taxiway?

Back 360

Double solid yellow line and double dashed yellow lines across the runway width.

Front 361

What is the displaced threshold and how is it represented?

Back 361

The start of the landing portion of the runway; represented by a white block with white arrows.

Front 362

On a taxiway, how is the runway holding position sign represented?

Back 362

Red with white letters.

Front 363

What does a large white X represent on a runway?

Back 363

Runway is unusable.

Front 364

What color are taxiway lights?

Back 364

Blue on the edges of the taxiway.

Front 365

What color are the three runway lights?

Back 365

White lights on the sides, red at the end, green at the threshold.

Front 366

What color lights indicate the safe threshold of the runway?

Back 366

Green

Front 367

What color lights signal the end of a runway?

Back 367

Red

Front 368

How are obstructions on a runway/taxiway marked?

Back 368

Red lights.

Front 369

What is VASI?

Back 369

Visual Approach Slope Indicators, uses a lighting system to determine the correct slope for landing.

Front 370

What is PAPI?

Back 370

Precision Approach Path Indicators

Front 371

What are the different VASI light signals?

Back 371

Red - low

White/amber - high

Green/even red and white - on correct slope

Front 372

What are the light signals for a 4-unit PAPI display?

Back 372

4 white - too high

3 white/1 red - slightly high

2 white/2 red - on slope

3 red /1 white - slightly low

4 red - too low

Front 373

What are the light signals for a 2-unit PAPI display?

Back 373

2 white - high

1 white/1 red - on slope

2 red - low

Front 374

Where is a normal traffic pattern flown?

Back 374

1000 feet AGL

Front 375

Fathometer

Back 375

An electronic device used to make soundings (measuring depth of water).

Front 376

Sextant

Back 376

An instrument used to measure angles during celestial navigation.

Front 377

Capstan

Back 377

A weight lifting apparatus consisting of a vertical cylinder around which a cable is wound.

Front 378

What are four method of determining position?

Back 378

Piloting

Dead reckoning

Celestial navigation

Electronic navigation

Front 379

What is the visual difference between a pier and a wharf?

Back 379

Piers are perpendicular to shore; wharfs are parallel to shore.

Front 380

Slip

Back 380

The space between adjacent piers.

Front 381

Cumulus Cloud

Back 381

A low-level cloud that looks like a heap of cotton balls. Latin for "heap." Can develop into a cumulonimbus storm cloud.

Front 382

Stratus Cloud

Back 382

A cloud that appears as a flat grey blanket. Latin for "covering."

Front 383

Cirrus Cloud

Back 383

High level clouds made of ice crystals that are wispy in appearance. Latin for "curl."

Front 384

Land Breeze

Back 384

Land cooling faster than water at night, so air over land cools and descends.

The air over the sea rises, leading to surface air moving over the water and the higher air moves inland.

Front 385

Sea Breeze

Back 385

The land heats faster than water during the day, causing the air over the land to rise. The air over the water is cooler, so it moves over the land in a circular pattern. More common on hot sunny days.

Front 386

Windward

Back 386

Towards the wind.

Front 387

Leeward

Back 387

Away from the wind.

Front 388

What happens during the cumulus stage of the thunderstorm?

Back 388

Warm air rises in cumulus clouds, strong updrafts present.

Front 389

What happens in the mature stage of a thunderstorm?

Back 389

Precipitation begins, generally for 20-30 minutes.

Front 390

What happens during the dissipating stage of a thunderstorm?

Back 390

Downdraft of warm air overcome the rising warm air. Cloud temperatures warm to match the surrounding environment.

Front 391

What are the three stages of a thunderstorm?

Back 391

Cumulus

Mature

Dissipating

Front 392

If atmospheric temperature is higher than standard, true altitude will be ________ than your indicated altitude.

Back 392

Higher

Front 393

If atmospheric temperature is lower than standard, then true altitude is ______ than indicated altitude.

Back 393

Lower

Front 394

Over what horsepower is an engine considered a high performance?

Back 394

200 HP

Front 395

What conditions will give an aircraft the best lift and why?

Back 395

Dry air, low altitude, and colder temperatures, as they all increase air density.

Front 396

If you fly from higher to lower pressures without resetting the altimeter, the indicated altitude will read ________ than true altitude.

Back 396

Higher

Front 397

If you fly from lower to higher pressures without resetting the altometer, the indicated altitude will be _______ than true altitude.

Back 397

Lower

Front 398

Trim System

Back 398

A system for minimizing the pilot's workload by relieving the pressure input needed to move control surfaces.

Front 399

Chord

Back 399

The line between the leading and trailing edges of a wing.

Front 400

What color shirts do medical personnel wear on an aircraft carrier?

Back 400

White