Ass. 59 - Omt C4

Front 1

Most common place in Lumbar spine for disc herniations? Why?

Back 1

L4-L5
Posterior longitudinal lig 1/2 as wide as at L1

Front 2

Disc herniation leads to ___nerve root level impairment

Back 2

Herniation of IV disc at 1 level --> problems with nerve root at lower level

(Herniated L4 --> L5 n. root problems)

Front 3

Where does the spinal cord end in most people? What are the n. roots called after that?

Back 3

Ends at L1-2

Cauda equina

Front 4

Site of LP

Back 4

L4-5

Front 5

Lumbosacral angle: how to measure & normal?

Back 5

(Ferguson's angle)
PSIS following sacrum intersect w/ line on same plane as ASIS

Normal - 25-35 degrees

Front 6

Sacralization

Back 6

1 or both TP of L5 articulate with sacrum

Front 7

Lumbarization

Back 7

SI fails to fuse to rest of sacrum

Front 8

Rachischisis

Back 8

completely open spine

Front 9

Primary motion of Lumbar spine

Back 9

F/E

(F/E > SB > R)

Front 10

SB L5 causes ___ to sacrum

Back 10

ipsilateral sacral oblique axis

Front 11

R of L5 causes sacrum to _____

Back 11

Rotate in opposite direction

Front 12

Cause & S/S Herniated nucleus pulposus

Back 12

(L4-5 or L5-S1)
Affects nerve root below herniated segment
Acute onset sharp, intense pain, sciatica, LMN lesion
Exacerbated F or carrying wt

Front 13

Cause & S/S Cauda equina syndrome

Back 13

Massive central disc hernitation
Same features as herniated IV disc AND
saddle anesthesia w/ BB incontinence

Front 14

Cause & S/S Spondylolysis

Back 14

Fx, disintegration, dissolution of vertebra
Achy low back pain, exacerbated by activity
"collar" Scotty dog

Front 15

Cause & S/S Spondylolisthesis

Back 15

Anterior displacement of vertebra to inferior vertebra
Achy low back pain, exacerbated by activity

Front 16

Grades of Spondylolisthesis (1-4)

Back 16

1: 25% anterior displacement
2: 50%
3: 75%
4: 100%

Front 17

Dysplastic spondylolisthesis

Back 17

Type I
Congenital defect (L5 or sacral neural arch)
Girls

Front 18

Isthmic spondylolisthesis

Back 18

Most common
Pathology of pars interarticulars
Type A - fatigue fx, <50yo
Type B - elongated pars, repeated microFx & healing
Type C - acute fx, trauma

Front 19

Degenerative spondylolisthesis

Back 19

Degenerative changes to zygopophyseal joints, 2nd chronic segmental instability
Female, black, > 50yo
L4

Front 20

Traumatic spondylolisthesis

Back 20

Fx anywhere in intervertebral bony connections except pars interarticularis

Front 21

Pathogenic spondylolisthesis

Back 21

d/t bone disease 2nd to disorders
(CA, Paget's dz, OI)

Front 22

Ankylosis: define & s/s

Back 22

Abn immobility of joint d/t fusion of bones (true)
Restricted movement, m. spasms, achiness

Front 23

Spondylosis: define & s/s

Back 23

Degenerative changes of IV discs accompanied by ankylosis of adj vertebral bodies --> narrowed spinal canal
Chronic achy low back pain

Front 24

Osteoarthritis: define & s/s

Back 24

Degenerative joint disease
Chronic achy focal pain, exacerbated by rest, relieved by non-wt bearing or non-jarring movements

Front 25

Spinal stenosis: define & s/s

Back 25

Spinal canal narrowing
Achy low back pain w/ sharp, shooting pain, radiates LE
Exacerbated by standing, walking, backward bending

Front 26

Flexion contracture of iliopsoas: define

Back 26

Precipiated by long-held position w/ psoas shortened

Front 27

Most common congenital anomaly of lumbar spine

Back 27

Zygopophyseal tropism
(asymmetry of joint facets)

Front 28

2nd most common congenital anomaly of lumbar spine

Back 28

Sacralization

Front 29

Landmarks:
Iliac crest
Umbilicus

Back 29

-L4-5

-L3-4 (T10 dermatome)