Art History Exam 2

Front 1

What are some examples of Classical and Hellenistic Greek Art?

Back 1

Kritos Boy, Doryphorus, Zeus/Poseidon of Artemision, Discobius, Aphrodite of Cnidos, Temple of Athena Nike art and architecture, Parthenon architecture, Chryselephantine statue of Athena, portrait of Alexander the great "Rondanini Alexander", and Hellenistic Boxer.

Front 2

What are some examples of Pre Roman Italy art?

Back 2

Tomb of the Diver, Capestrano Warrior, Tomba Campana, Bpccanera Slabs, Tomb of the Augers, Tomb of the Hunting and Fishing, Francois Tomb Monteleone Chariot, and Apollo of Veii

Front 3

What are some examples of Roman Monarchy and Republic Art?

Back 3

Temples at Sacred Area of Sant'Omobono, Capitoline Temple, Temple of Magna Mater, Temple of Hercules (Forum Boarium, Rome), Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Theater of Pompey, Alexander Mosaic (Pompeii), Villa of Mysteries Frescoes, Bust of Brutus, Aristocrat of Tivoli, Portrait of Pompey the Great, Patrician with ancestor busts, Tomb of Eurysacies, Aemilius Paulus reliefs, and the Tomb of Statilii paintings.

Front 4

Describe the history and art of "Kritos Boy"

Back 4

"Kritos Boy", 480 BC, Athenian Aetopolis, made of marble. Around 4 feet tall. Attributed to artist Kritios (teacher of Myro). Considered among the first examples of "Classical" sculpture.

Designed in a "contraposto" form, which means a relaxed, yet tense pose. It's inscription in the base may or may not pertain to the statue. It states: "Victor in the boys foot race of the Panathenaia, Kallias, son of Didynaios, dedicatedcthis statue to Athena". The Panathenaia was an Athenian festival, ceremony and athletic competition, held every 4 years in June to honor the goddess Athena from 566 BC to 3rd century AD.

Front 5

Describe Doryphorus

Back 5

Doryphorus (literally meaning a spear bearer) 450 BC

Roman copy originally attributed to artist Polykleitos who wrote a book called Kanon (which he also called the sculpture) which concerned human form, proportions and balance using mathematical equations. His goal was seeking out what would the perfect ideal beauty be for the human form so there was greater attention to anatomical details and more relaxed yet natural stance (contrapposto). Although the spear bearer represents a soldier, it is not about warfare but about the perfection of the human form.

Front 6

Describe Zeus or Poseidon of Artemision

Back 6

460 - 450 BC, Bronze. Found in sea near Artemision Greece, as a trophy from central Greek city but the ship sank. A God or hero hurling a javelin or trident if Poseidon, or lightning bolt if Zeus. Most think it is Zeus because the body is designed too upright to throw a javelin. Also the gap in the hand suggests it is too wide to hold a trident.

Front 7

Describe Discobolus

Back 7

450 BC Roman marble copy of a bronze Greek statue attributed tourist Myron. Disc thrower. Trying to recapture the aesthetic qualities and beauty of the human athletic form in movement, yet does not show tension as the body is too relaxed and the face too noble in expression. Really shows potential of perfect godliness in human form.

Front 8

Describe Aphrodite of Cnidos

Back 8

4th century BC attributed to artist Cnidos. Typically Aphrodite was rendered nude.

Front 9

Describe Temple of Athena Nike

Back 9

Completed 420 BCE. Smallest temple at the Acropolis in Athens, placed in the southwest corner during the High Classical Period according to the design of Kallikrates who also designed the Parthenon.Replaced a temple destroyed during the Persian Wars.

Front 10

Describe the Parthenon

Back 10

Marble temple dedicated to the goddess Athena constructed by Kallikrates and Iktinos in Athens Greece 447 - 432 BCE. Birthplace of democracy in Athens. Definition of the high point of High Classical Period.

The two Gods pining for the honor of being the patron of the city, gave the outreach a gift. Poseidon gave the gift of naval power by striking he ground ith his trident that caused the ground to sprout water. Athena was chosen because of her gift of the olive tree which represented created and making things and the tree represented prosperity growth and peace. The temple is Doric with ionic elements. Massive columns with shallow broad flutes; the vertical lines with rectangular blocks on the tip called an abacus. The building was covered with sculptures which is an ionic feature, a freeze that ran along all four sides of the temple with four ionic columns within the west end of the temple, indicating it's ionic features.

You can see sculptures depicting the story of Athena and Poseidon vying for the patronage of Athens.

The meaning of the building represents sculptures of Athens over the Persians. Symbolizing civilization over barbarism, rational thought over chaos.

Front 11

Describe Hellenistic boxer

Back 11

Greek sculpture. Appollonius, the seated boxer, hollowed Bronze at, rest, Hellenistic Period. 100 BCE. Hellenistic meaning after Alexander the Great. A real expansion of reconnect matter as an aged non tradtional beauty sense. Although the beauty is shown in his age and physical wisdom, showing copper wounds on the face and wrapped hands to show he's a seasoned fighter that ground him on reality along with his collapsed posture at rest. Broken nose, swollen cauliflower war shows humidity and humanity in the figure. A period in Greek art where there was an interest in moving post the godly perfection form.

Front 12

Describe portrait of Alexander the Great "Rondanini Alexander"

Back 12

Lion like hair also like the Sum, youthful, reflective face, heroic nudity on par with a God. Made as part of a triumph of King Philip (Munich) Hellenism. The spread of Greek ideas. Lysippus was the chief artist of his official portraits.

Front 13

Describe tomb of the diver

Back 13

470 BC found by Mario Napolitano Italian archeologist in 1968. It is a grave made of five limestone slabs forming four lateral walls bonded withcplaseter showing a young man diving into a curling and waving stream of water. This is decorated with frescoes human subjects which is rare for that time.

The diving symbolizing the deceased ready to move onto the after world. The river sele.

Front 14

Describe Capestrano warrior

Back 14

Real limestone statutory a Picene warrior around 6th century BC. that has traces of pink paint and features a warrior wearing a hat with a huge brim and a disk-type armor protecting his chest and back. Also bearing a shortened, knife axe and a defensive device known by Greeks as a mitra, a short apron covering the back.

Front 15

Describe Tomba Campama

Back 15

An Etruscan tomb in Veii known to contain the oldest known Etruscan frescoes. It is named after the owner of the land where and when the Tomb was discovered. 6 feet wide passage with a sculpted lion on each side with multicolored painted horse with some humans on the side walls and other animals like cats showing to be protectors

Front 16

Describe Boccanera slabs

Back 16

550 - 540 BC judgement of Paris. Had to choose one of the golden apples to give to one of three goddesses, Athena, Hera or Aphrodite. He picked Aphrodite who promised him a beautiful wife would be Helen of Troy which set off the Trojan War

Front 17

Describe Tomb of the Augers

Back 17

530- 480 BCE Etruscan burial chamber fresco, with a misinterpreting of a figure on the right wall thought to have been the Roman priest Augur, hence the title.

This tomb represents the first time a then not of mythology, button Etruscan funerary rites and games were shown

Front 18

Describe the Tomb of the leopards

Back 18

480,450 BC burial chamber so called for the confronted leopards painted above a banquet scene. One of the best preserved murals of Tarquinia. Known for its lively coloring and animated depictions of gestures.

An Etruscan banquet showing elegantly dressed men and women attended by nude boys carrying serving implements.

Along with musicians allocating place outdoors not signifying a somber experience typical of a funeral rite.

Front 19

Describe tomb of the Hunting and fishing

Back 19

Etruscan tomb in the Necropolis of Monterozzi, near Tarquinia Italy. Dated 530 to 520 BC. Late Archaic period. The entrance leads to an antechamber which has a doorway to the main chamber opposite the entrance. The will frescoescshow half naked figures partaking in a Dionysian ritual dance all examples of Dionysus cult influence on Etruscan religion. Showing seascapes with cliffs, boats and fishermen with harpoon and nets, hunters with slings, water birds and leaping dolphins. The hunting and banquets were typical Etruscan activities for The aristocracy. These are shown as status symbols for those that were buried.

Front 20

Describe Francois Tomb

Back 20

An important painted Etruscan tomb from the Ponte Rotto Necropolis in the Etruscan valley of Vulci dating to the last quarter of the four century BC. belonging to the Etruscan family of the Seties and one of the chief occupants is Vel Saties, who appears with his dwarf, Amza.

Contains a fresco depicting Caelius Vibemna whom the Romans believed the Caelian Hills was named after, and Mastema, a legendary figure whom the Emperor Claudius identified with Servius Tullius.

Front 21

Describe Monteleone Chariot

Back 21

An Etruscan chariot dates 530 BC considered to be one of the world's greatest archaeological finds uncovered at Monteleone di Spoleto.

Was part of a chariot burial containing the remains of two human corpses along with two drinking cups, and designed to be drawn by two horses. It is,constructed of wood covered with hammered bronze plates and carved ivory decorations. The plates are decorated with Homeric Iconography, the main panel depicts Achillescbeing handed guacamole by his mother Thetis. Another side shows Achillies possibly fighting Hector with Medusa's shield wearing new armor forged by thereof Hephestos to fight Hector, and another side shows Pegasus trampling over a woman and lifting Achilles to heaven

Front 22

Describe Apollo of Veii

Back 22

Life sized painted terracotta Etruscan statue of Apollo designed to be placed at the highest part of a temple. Dated 510-400 BC . It was created in the so called "international" Ionic or late Etruscan style.

Depicting Apollo and Hercules contending over the Ceryneian Hind (deer)

Front 23

Describe temples at Sacred Area of Sant'Omobono

Back 23

Built over preexisting San Salvatore in Portico. Church is located in the zone of very ancient secret area previously occupied by temples dating from the Republican epoch )9th to 8th century BC)

Front 24

Describe Capitoline Temple

Back 24

Dedicated to the trinity of the gods Jupiter, Jung Minerva located in the old city of Volubilis in Morocco, situated in the ancient kingdom of Mauretania.

Front 25

Describe Temple of Hercules (Forum Boarium Rome)

Back 25

built 146 century BC by Luck is Mummius who defeated southern Greeks . Made in Pentallic Marble in Hellenistic style. Built entirely of marble

Front 26

Describe Temple of Magna Mater

Back 26

Rome's first and most important Temple to the Magna Mater (great mother) who was also known to the Greeks as Cybele in 191 BC.