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213 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Best diagram for showing relationships just prior to space planning
Bubble Diagram
Diagram indicated by arrows
Flow Diagram
Sequence of events that must happen as scheduled in order for a project to be completed on time
Critical Path
Represents the range of time during which noncritical activies may start or end with out affecting the overall schedule ; does not influence the critical path time interval
Float
Raw data for analysis to develop a facilities program considers scope, area requirements, adjacencies, costs, site analysis
Functional Program
A buttressing or supporting structure
abutment
A branch of physics that deals with sound. In architecural application, the sound qualities of a room or space.
acoustics
in an ancient greek city a citadel usually on a high plane
acropolis
A sun dried brick of earth, used in the American Southwest
adobe
The branch of philosophy that deals with the quality aspects and perception of beauty
aesthetics
The rights to the use or control of space above a property such as highways, railroad tracks, or buildings
Air Rights
Reflectivity measured as athe realitive permeability of a surface to radiant energy flowing in either direction
albedo
horizontal or vertical deviation from the straight or level centerline of the road
alignment
an arena encircled by tiers of seats
amphitheater
an electromagnetic device that indicates the activation of certain circuits a device to signal the existence or location of a fire in a building
annunciator
the eastern or alter end of a church usually semi circular in plan
apse
masonry having a face of square or rectangular stones
ashlar
a glazed decorative tile with the color blue most prominent
azulejo
earth or other fill material placed between an outside foundation wall and the excavation
backfill
a partial obstruction against flow, in a duct or pipe
Baffle
the proportioning of components by offsetting or contrasting so as to produce an aesthetic equilibrium in the whole
balance
a style of european architecture developed in the late Renaissance in reaction to classical forms, containing elaborate curves, scrolls, and ornament
Baroque
East west lines from which townships are established on government surveys they run perpendicular to meridian lines
Base Lines
A part usually half of broken brick also a unit of flat insulation
Bat
A cleat like member placed across a series of boards to tie them together also a narrow strip covering the joint between two vertical boards
batten
A relatively permanent surveyors mark of a known location and elevation
Bench Mark
A bank of earth often piled up against a wall
Berm
describing cement, mastic or roofing material, which contains asphalt as a principal ingredient
Bituminous
An area, usually urban that has deteriorated in quality and value, and which functions well below in economic and social potential
Blighted area
a division of urban land normally private property that is surrounded by public streets and which is officially established and recorded
Block
Drilling into the earth earth to obtain soil samples in order to determine soil bearing capacity
Boring
A stone guard to prevent damage to a wall, also a free standing stone or metal post to divert vehicular traffic
Bollard
A sun break an architectural shading device for blocking unwanted sun rays
Brise soleil
British Thermal Unit, the amount of heat required to raise the temp of one pound of water 1 degree F
BTU
A defined limit within a property line beyone with a structure may not protrude
building line
an air chamber withut a bottom, used in excavation through water or mud
caisson
a bell tower
campanile
to set a slant from the horizontal or vertical
cant
a small room or a library
carrel
a sieve like device at the entrance to a storm sewer to trap matter that could block up a street
catch basin
a geographical area from which the participants in an activity are drawn, such as the customers of a shopping center, or the employees of a manufacturing plant
catchment
to fill a joint with mastic usually done with a pressure gun
caulk
the inner enclosed room of an ancient temple
cella
the separation of traffic lanes by use of islands or dividers
channelization
a valve in a pipe that permits water to flow only in one direction
check valve
the flow or movement of people goods vehicles, etc from place to place
circulation
the prevailing or average weather conditioning of a place as determined over a number of years
climate
a brick that has been overburned by being near a the fire in a kiln
clinker
a type of grade separated interchange used in highway design named for its shape
cloverleaf
a street to which minor streets connect and that itself leads to a major arterial
collector street
a method of residential siting in which a series of housing units are grouped to form a common interior spaces as well as a unified peripheral space
cluster
the sensation resulting from stimulation of the retina of the eye by light waves of certain lenghts the property of reflecting light of a particular wavelength
color
hollow and curved inward
concave
the speed with which energy normally heat energy passes through a given material after penetrating its surface
conductivity
pertaining to cone bearing trees and shrubs, mostly evergreens such as pine spruce fir cedar
coniferous
a pattern of land use in which random clusters of develpoment are connected to each other
constellation pattern
a procedure in which an owner contracts with a construction manager who is generally responsible for control of a projects time, cost , and quality
construction manager
an amount included in a construction budget normally5 to 10 percent to provide for unforseen or unpredictable cost
contigency allowance
the distrubution of energy normally heat by fluid movement of air or water
convection
a deed restriction that regulates land use construction materials appearance and aesthetic qualities of an area
covenant
to develop minute surface crackss in stucco concrete or glaze
craze
a system of planning and scheduling construction operations that analyses sequences and durations of time using network diagrams and identifies construciton tasks that have great impact on schedule
Critical Path Method (CPM)
a short road with no outlet serving only those buildings or properties that front on it
cul de sac
a length of pipe running under a road or other barrier used to drain or carry water
culvert
a raised margin running along the edge of a street pavement usually of concrete
curb
earth that is removed and earth that is added in grading
cut and fill
a platform raised above the floor level
dais
a horizontal plane elevation used as a reference for other elevations in surveying and mapping
datum
shedding leaves annually as contrasted with evergreen, maple, oak, birch
deciduous
a written instrument that is used to transfer property title from one party to another
deed
a measure of the number of people families, etc that occupy a specified area
density
the arrangement of parts details form color so as to produce a complete entity
design
the temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and condensation
dew point
two sheets of glass with an air space between to insulate against the passage of heat or sound
double glaze
the system by which excess water and wastes are controlled collected transported and disposed
drainage
clay pipe usually with open joints to convey water away from a footing or to disperse fluid in a septic tank field
drain tile
a pit usually filled with course stone into which water is conducted for leaching out nto surrounding soil
dry well
a dome hence often a cathedral
duomo
an independent living area that includes its own private cooking and bath facilities
dwelling unit
the modification involved in altering existing topography
eathwork
a legal right that an individual or the public may have to use or have access to a portion of another persons land
easement
sensation produced by the combined effects of absolute termperature, relative humidity, and air movement
effective temperature
the height above a known point of reference often taken as the height above sea level
elevation
the right of a public agency to expropriate private property for public use
eminent domain
the slight convexty of a column used to give an impression of vertical strength
entasis
the gradual wearing way or disintegration of land caused by running water over its surface wind etc
erosion
a prelimary sketch or plan
esquisse
the digging or removal of earth or soil as for a foundation
excavation
a semi circular open area with or without a roof providing a continuous seat
exedra
the exterior face of a building, usually a front
facade
enameled clay prducts
faience
federal housing administration founded in 1934 to provide mortgage insurance
FHA
a construction teqcnique in wihc construction on each phase of a prjectis begun when its design is completed without waiting for overall project design completion
Fast Track
brick composed of clay not containing any fusible material wich can resist high temperature
fire brick
a wall resistant to teh spread of fire
fire wall
the ratio between the gross floor area of a building and its site area
floor area ratio
federal national mortgage association, whose function is to stabilize the housing market by purchasing mortgages or provoding mortgage money directly
FNMA
the shape outline or configuration of a structure or the parts of a structure or the parts of a structure that gives it its distintive appearance
form
a horizontal band on a vertical surface located beneath a cornice sometimes decorated with relief sculpture
frieze
a high speed multiple lane high way designed to move traffice smoothly and witout interruption
freeway
the limit of penetration of soil by frost
frost line
attaching wood or metal strips to a rough wall to provide a flat plane for the finishor to provide an air space
furring
a belvedere or viewing place
gazebo
a specific residential area in which people of a particular ethnic identity are concentrated
ghetto
extreme contrast between light and dark in the visual field which can cause discomfort
contrast
the degree of rise or descent of a sloping surface, also the act of altering or finishing existing topography
Grade
concrete used for paving whch uses crushed granite as the course aggregate
granolith
a belt like area around a a city reserved for park land farmsopen space
greenbelt
a pattern of land division for development as well as circulation so named for its shapte
grid pattern
an amount established in an agreement between an owner and a contractor as the maximum cost of performing specified work
guaranteed maximum cost
agreement of proportionate arrangement of parts in size, color, form
harmony
the amount or degree of moisture in an area expressed as a percentage a determining element of weather
humidity
the cap of a peir or pilaster that supports the spring of an arch
impost
an entrance
ingress
an access and egress point on a freeway that permits traffic to enter exit or change direction
interchange
a situation generally the reverse of normal in which cold air is close to the ground and a layer of warm air is above it
inversion
the elevation of the lowest inside surface of a pipe or sewer
invert elevation
a window or door blind made of movable horizontal slats
jalousie
the wedge shaped top member of an arch
keystone
a small pavilion usually in a public space
kiosk
a legal claim on a property as security for money owed
lien
a pattern of land use that develops along a line such as a highway or river
linear pattern
a structural member placed over an opening and supporting construction above
lintel
one of several horizontal slats slanted to exclude rain but allow the passage of air
louver
paving using crushed stone
macadam
the general climate over a large geographic area
macroclimate
a hole through wihc a person can enter a sewer pipe conduit in order to inspect, repair or service a utility
manhole
a stone of great size
megalith
a term referring to a group of large cities or metropoitan areas that merge
megalopolis
a description of property boundaries expressed by directions (bearings) and distances
metes and bounds
a repetitive dimension used in architectural design and planning
module
the vertical division member between windows and doors
mullion
an inner chamber of a classical temple
naos
the entrance vestibule of a church
narthex
the main longitudinal portion of a church interior
nave
a commenorative shaft square in section with a small pyramid on top
obelisk
the abbreviation for on center used in dimensioning
O.C. (on center)
the positioning of an object in relation to certain directions the sense of direction as disclosed by an object in a paricular position
orientation
in far eastern architecture a tower like structure
pagoda
a building planned so tht a person at the center can observe converging corridors
panopticon
a level and patterned garden
parterre
the general scheme of a design
parti
a wall built astride a property line
party wall
the triangular face of a gable roof
pediment
a system of sizing and division to establish harmonious relationships between component elements
proportion
a slope or incline as on a roof
rake
the reoccurrence of design elements in space
rhythm
a path of circulation conveying persons vehicles services
right of way
the fraction of total rainfall that is not absorbed in the ground and hence runs off, it must be collected in a system of surface and subsurface drains
runoff coefficient
the relative measurement of an object with reference to the dimensions of the human scale
scale
a legally defined distance from teh property line into which a structure may not project
setback
the amount of deviation from the horizontal or vertical
slope
zoning of a parcel of land that is different from that of the surrounding area
spot zoning
a very large area of land in which all through traffic is eliminated but may be penetrated by cul de sacs or minor loop roads
superblock
a mirror image arrangement of elements on either side of a divideing line or plane
symmetry
the configuration of the surface features of an area of ground
topography
a road that crosses under another road
underpass
a process of public intervention in the development of an existing urban area in which the public acquires ownership of property and anministers its resale and development to mainly private owners
urban renewal
a bridge across a valley
viaduct
an entrance or exit passage in a large amphitheater
vomitorium
the level below ground at which water is found flowing
water table
structures or plants that because of their form and location reduce wind velocities
windbreak
an area of land not built upon whch may be used for exterior activities
yard
the legal means wheraby land uses is regulated and controlled fo rthe welfare of the community
zoning
the endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve, and protect, building, objects, or landscape or other artifacts with historic significance
preservation
emphasis the retention and repair of historic materials but gives some latitude for replacement of damaged materials
rehabilitiation
act of process of accurately depicting the forms, features, & character of a property as it appears at a particular period of time, by means of removing other features frm other periods and reconstruction of missing features from a restoration period
restoration
returning a damaged building to a known earlier state by the introduction of new materials
reconstruction
1 mile square parcel of land containing 640 acres
section
area of 24 mile on a side bounded by parallels & meridians
check
6 miles on a side
township
.5 mile on a side
quarter section
43560 sqft
1 acre
a parallel used as a primary starting point fo rthe east-west layout of the US survey system
baseline
a meridian between the principal meridians
guide meridian
verbal description of land that begins at a known point & describes the bearing length of each side of the property in turn until the point of the begining is reached
metes & bounds
east-west lines that follow latitude of the earth
parallels
a meridian that serves as the basis the north-south grid layout
principal meridian
parallels between baselines in the US survey system
standard parallels
the distance a building occupant must travel from teh most remote point in the occupied portion of the exit access to the entrance of the nearest exit
exit access travel distance
portion of an exit access that the occupants are required to traverse before two separate & distinct paths of egress travel to two exits are available
common path of egress travel
minimum distance by which two exits may be separated when two exits are required
exit separation distance
encourage developers to provide amenities for public use in exchange for the opportunity to build a larger or taller structure on a site- includes base floor area ratio &
bonus ratio
incentive zoning
what is the minimum width of an accessible parking space
96 inches
expresses the relationship between the square footage of the building and the area of the site on which it is constructed
floor area ratio
a set of rules enacted by local governing body or by a board that the governing body has designated -it set of rules regulates teh types of buildings and development that are permitted in certain areas of jurasdisction
zoning ordinance
international building code specifically states that exits cannot pass through
kitchens
storerooms
closets
or other rooms with similar purpose
that can be locked or prevent egress
what is the most restrictive fire zoning
Fire zone 1
when do exit doors must swing in the direction of travel
when the occupant load is greater than 50
a method cities use to issue bonds to pay for improvements (new sewer, streets) within a specified district that are intended to stimulate private development within the district
tax increment financing
when do exit doors must swing in the direction of travel
when the occupant load is greater than 50
typically used to fund a specific project (library or firestation) They are NOT used to encourage private development although later private devlpmnt could be a consequence of the new public facility being constructed. Because all taxpayers in the area issueing the general bonds must pay off the bonds through a property tax, a voter majority is required
General Obligations Bonds
a method cities use to issue bonds to pay for improvements (new sewer, streets) within a specified district that are intended to stimulate private development within the district
tax increment financing
generally used to fund infrasture improvemtns made necessary by new development, Although these fees are a common method of raising money they can have a negative effect as developers look for areas to build in whihc impact fees are not charged
Developer impact fee
typically used to fund a specific project (library or firestation) They are NOT used to encourage private development although later private devlpmnt could be a consequence of the new public facility being constructed. Because all taxpayers in the area issueing the general bonds must pay off the bonds through a property tax, a voter majority is required
General Obligations Bonds
are used to fund public space improvement such as streetscapes to enhance the areas appeal and indirectly its property values. Taxes are assessed on those property owners in the district who would benefot fromt eh improvemnts - encourages private development
Business Improvement District
generally used to fund infrasture improvemtns made necessary by new development, Although these fees are a common method of raising money they can have a negative effect as developers look for areas to build in whihc impact fees are not charged
Developer impact fee
are used to fund public space improvement such as streetscapes to enhance the areas appeal and indirectly its property values. Taxes are assessed on those property owners in the district who would benefot fromt eh improvemnts - encourages private development
Business Improvement District
a tax based on the value of a property being taxed
ad valorem tax
includes the salaries of the people working on a job and their required benefits plus overhead & profit- increase odds of getting paid for services performed
multipleof direct personnel expense
good method of payment for repetitive types of projects
square footage
used by firms to determine the amount of time spent on billable work as a percentage of total timefor which an employee is compensated
utilization ratio
AIA Document
owner/general contractor
A-series
AIA Document
owner/architect
B- series
AIA Document
architect/consultant (includes joint ventures)
C- series
AIA Document
industry standards
D-series
AIA Document
contract & office administration forms
(bid forms, change orders, construction change directive)
G-series
a legal technique whereby an insurer steps into the shoes of a party to whom it made payments
subrogation
a common tool among developers and is used for the purchase of land that a developer intends to subdivide and resell- generally includes a clause that releases each subdivided plot from the loan as it is purchased and a portion of the debt is repaid
blanket loan
a short term loan used to close quickly on a property to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting for another lender to approve a long term loan,
bridge loan
hard money loan is similar
often used by developers, large loans with a variable interest rate that increases substaintially near the time that the repayment is due- gamble that the property will produce enough revenue to repay the loan when the interest rates escalate
mezzanine loan
fixed or adjustable interest rate, secured by teh property purchased
conventional mortgage
the most impact on labor cost
requirement to use labor unions