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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Assumptions of the Approach |
1. Concerned with empirical behaviour 2. We are blank slates when we are born 3. Psychology is about observable and measurable behaviour 4. Animal and human learning doesn't differ 5. All behaviour is learnt |
Learning, Scientific Method, Blank Slate, Observation |
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Watson |
John Watson rejected the vagueness of intrsopection and stated psychology should be the study of empirical behaviour. Created the concept of Behaviourism |
Reductionism |
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Classical Conditioning |
Learning through association US = UR US + NS = UR US + NS = CR NS = CS UR = CR |
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Pavlov |
Reasearched into CC using his dog. (apply CS/CR to dog and bell) |
Pavlov and his dog |
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Operant Conditioning |
Learning through punishment and reward. Positive Reinforcement - gaining of pleasant situaiton or object Negative Reinforcement - removal of unpleasant situation Positive Punishment - gaining of something unpleasant Negative Punishment - removal of something desirable |
Reinforcement and Punishment |
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Skinner |
Put a rat in a box with two levers: one gave food, one gave an electric shock. Rat eventually learned to pull the food lever (positive reinforcement). |
Skinner's Box |
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Roles of reinforcement and punishment |
Reinforcement boosts the chances of behaviour being repeated whereas punishment reduces the chances of behaviour being repeated. |
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Real-life Applications |
OC and CC working together suggests a theory for phobias. CC creates the phobia and OC maintains the phobia. |
Phobias |
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Real-life Applications |
Token economy systems that work in institutions such as prisons use the idea of OC. If inmates show good behaviour it is positively reinforced by rewards such as better food or inside money. |
Token Economy |
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Strengths |
1. Follows Scientific Method - reliable and replicable 2. Highly applicable |
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Limitations |
1. Reductionist - ignores complex thought processes involved in learning, ignores biological aspects 2. Deterministic - Behaviour should constantly change in each new environment 3. Experiments have low ecological validity |
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