Apush Truman 45-53 And Eisenhower 53-61

Front 1

Truman containment- economic
- kennan
- policy
- 1947-truman doctrine
- economic development- Marshall Plan, Berlin

Back 1

- containment policy- stop the spread of communism- first implemented to stop spread to Greece and Turkey
- 1947- Truman doctrine- US will aid any nation that wants to defend itself against communism
- economic development- Marshall plan- aid to Europe to strengthen economy and protect from communism
--also provides US markets
- Berlin airlift- economically assist, wont give up

Front 2

Truman domestic accomplishments / policies
- do nothing congress
- fair deal

Back 2

- 47-49 do nothing congress has a lot of Republicans
-- wont pass a lot of his legislation and therefore hinder his attempts at continuing the New Deal
- 48 election- Democrats win back seats-->49-53 FAIR DEAL
--equality for everyone- benefit everyone equally
-- passed: increase in minimum wage, low income housing, increase in social security benefits
--denied: civil rights, health care, federal funding to education

Front 3

Truman stance on civil rights and labor

Back 3

CR
- FEPC
- PCCR
- 1948- executive order outlawing descrimination in federal agencies/employment
- election of 48'- Dixiecrats (angered with civil rights stance)
- post 1948 election- outlaws segregation in the armed forces
- Morgan v. GA- outlaws segregation on buses
- Shelly v. Kraemer- outlaws real estate covenants

L
- veto's the Taft-Hartley act but its passed by congress
- comes at the wagner act, takes away power to unionize (bars closed shop), cooling off period, loyalty oaths

Front 4

Truman economic:
- 45-52 GI Bill
- 45-49 Bretton woods
- 46 Employment act******

Back 4

-1945-1952
GI bill- schooling, homes, $ for business-->increased middle class
- 1945-1949
Bretton woods- IMF, world, bank, US dollar- opens trade up to other countries
- 1946
employment act- ensured economic growth- helps to maintain employment, production, and purchasing power
-----shows attempt to continue the New Deal

Front 5

Truman foreign policy
- japan

Back 5

- dropped A bomb

Front 6

Truman containment military policy
- NATO (1955 WP)
-domino effect
- Japanese nationalists/38 parallel
- China
- Korea-50-53

Back 6

- surround nations with US allies
driven by the fear of the "domino effect"
- NATO- US allied with Europe
---->1955 warsaw pact
- US supports japanese nationalists who support US- defend at the 38th parallel
- China- despite US aid looses to communism
- Korean War: 50-53
-- Truman never gets congressional approval for war-only UN approval
--makes the US create a more agressive containment policy (NSC-68)
-- the war ends in stalemate....MacArthur cost the US many troops becuase he did not follow Truman's plans of limited war and is removed for disobeying Truman

--

Front 7

countries lost to communism

Back 7

- China-t
- North Vietnam-t
- North Korea-eisenhower
- Cuba- eisenhower

Front 8

Truman- significance of Kennan's "long telegram"

Back 8

- significance- starts/outlines the US containment policy
- shapes US cold war policy for the next 45 years
- in telegram:
--warns against threats of communism w/ Stalin
-- containment to EUROPE (not ME or SE Asia like the US does)
-- economic and military aid to nations with vulnerable governments and/or under communism
- influenced: the Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan (which are the basis for the containment policy)

Front 9

Truman-NSC-68
--> military industrial complex

Back 9

Korean war-->more aggressive containment policy:
- creates the NSC which advises the presidnet
- endorses massive increase in nuclear arsenal
- large standing army
- "covert" CIA operations of taking out communist leaders and install pro-US ones
- increased the defense budget

shows the creation of a potential military industrial complex in which the increase in the defense budget creates a new industry that will dominate

Front 10

when was Truman's good times? what happened?

Back 10

- Containment policy
- Truman Doctrine- saves Greece and Turkey from communism with military and economic aid
- Marshall plan- helps Europe escape communism
- Berlin Airlift- doesn't give up Berlin to the communists

Front 11

when were Truman's bad times? what happened?

Back 11

1949
- Soviets create their first atomic bomb
- China Falls to communism
- North Korea attacks South Korea
--removes MacArthur
- doesn't want to appear "soft on communsim"

Front 12

creation of military-industrial complex????

Back 12

- results from increase in defense budget that will create a new industry that will dominate????

Front 13

53-Eisenhower takes office. Describe his cold war/ containment policy 1954-1960

Back 13

militarisitc approach-1954-1960=agressive "New Look"
- made with Dulles (sec. of state)
1. massive retaliation- not afraid to use nuclear weapons to attack countries that threaten the US
2. "bang for the buck"- increase weaponry with more modern technology (nuclear) instead of conventional (guns)=bigger threat and more power
3. brinkmanship- willing to push countries who threaten the US to the brink of war with massive retaliation

Front 14

Eisenhower's attempts to relax cold war tensions
- plan
- geneva accords

Back 14

- "atoms for peace" plan- wants both sides to give their nuclear weapons to the UN--SU denies
(leads to the distant early waning line where US is on the lookout for soviet attack)
- geneva- "peaceful coexistence"- both sides can't come to an arms control agreement but
1. ban atmospheric nuclear testing (comes back when SU shoots down U2 spy plane)
2. divides vietnam at the 17th parallel with eventual free elections

Front 15

Eisenhower and Vietnam (cont. geneva accords)
- Eisenhower's theory
- seato

Back 15

- the French loose the capital, Dien Bien Phu so the US takes over to support Vietnam and make sure it doesn't fall to communism
- at geneva vietnam is divided N (communist) and S (anti-communist with leader Diem)
- the free elections never happen for fear of communist win, and the US aids Diem's regime
- the domino theory influences the US to protect Asia
- in order to protect Vietnam in 1955 SEATO is established

Front 16

Eisenhower- quietly fighting communism
- where??
- what?
- Eisenhower Doctrine

Back 16

- geneva accords (sorta?)
- CIA- "covert" operations which take out communist leaders with government aid for PROPAGANDA and TRAINING to rebels
-
-IRAN, GUATEMALA, PHILIPPINES, SAUDI ARABIA, VIETNAM

-Eisenhower doctrine- the US will aid MIDDLE EASTERN countries in resisting communism and protect western interests

Front 17

Truman- what is the significance of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall plan?

Back 17

- influenced by the "long telegram"
- basis for containment policy
(aiding nations to combat communism)

-TD= US provides military and economic aid to build up the governments in Greece and Turkey
-MP- US gives aid to vulnerable Europes economy to strengthen it and escape it from becoming communist

Front 18

Eisenhower- domestic
- civil rights
- mexicans
- NA
- communism scare- what does this lead to?

Back 18

- brown v. board
- Eisenhower is silent as violence is breaking outside of schools: finally dispatches troops to Arkanasas to stop the violence
- 1956- Morgan v. GA- outlaws bus segregation (idn if Eisenhower did this though)

- mexicans: "operation wetback" eisenhower deports millions of illegal mexicans
- 1953- revivial of the brancero program leads to increased amount of mexicans
- LULAC=group to fight of descrimination
-

NA- termination bill- stops funding to reservations

- communism:
--1955- loyalty day
----take loyalty oaths, investigation of employees??
-- warren court=liberal communism rulings

leads to an increase in the US's concern with security and loyalty

Front 19

Eisenhower- bad things that happened (height of the cold war) 59-62
- cuba
- why did the SU call of peace talks with the US? consequences?
- plan to kill......
- sputnik and results

Back 19

- 1959- Cuba falls to communism under Castro

- 1960- US "U2" spy plane is shot down
--leads to SU calls off peace conference
--resumes atmospheric testing

- CIA (?) plan to kill Castro

- launching of sputnik makes the US fear SU technological dominace and fear of possible "missile gap"
-- 1956-leads to National Defense Education Act= federal funding to schools to education children in science, math, and foreign language
--1957-leads to NASA
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