Apush Chapter 40 - Eisenhower Era

Front 1

Missle Gap

Back 1

The United States and the Soviet Union were involved in a race to discover who had more missiles and war equipment. This was the difference in how much the United States had compared to how much the Soviet Union had.

Front 2

National Defense and Education Act

Back 2

After the Russian satellite "Sputnik" was successfully launched, there was a critical comparison of the Russian to the American education system. The American education system was already seen as too easygoing. So in 1958 Congress authorized $887 million in loans to needy college students and in grants for the purpose of improving the teaching of the sciences and languages.

Front 3

U-2 Incident

Back 3

Under Eisenhower administration just before the "summit conference" in Paris scheduled for May 1960, the American spy plane was shot down over Russia. Eisenhower was forced to step up and assume personal responsibility for this. Francis Gary Powers was the pilot that was captured by the Russians but returned. Incident kept Khrushchev from meeting with Eisenhower.

Front 4

Sputnik

Back 4

The first satellite ever launched into space, was launched by the Russians

Front 5

South East Asia Treaty Organization

Back 5

This was introduced by secretary Dulles as a prop for his shaky policy in Vietnam. (Similar to NATO)

Front 6

Hundarian Revolt

Back 6

When the Hungarians tried to win their freedom from the Communist regime in 1956, they were crushed down by Soviet tanks. There was killing and slaughtering of the rebels going on by military forces.

Front 7

Suex Crisis

Back 7

When President Nasser of Egypt announced his intention to build a damn in this area to provide power and irrigation to Egypt, the United States offered its financial support, withdrawing it when Nasser spoke with the Communists on the subject. Nasser responded by nationalizing the this which was previously owned by British and French stockholders. This hurt Europe by crippling their oil supply, most of which came from the Persian Gulf.

Front 8

Eisenhower Doctrine

Back 8

1957 - Congress and US President pledged US military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression. Under this the US was able to openly land several thousand troops and help restore order without taking a single life.

Front 9

Landrum-Griffith Act

Back 9

America was in desperate need of labor reform. Union leaders and big industries were involved in many scandals. In 1959 Congress passed this. It would prevent bullying tactics and would make labor leaders keep accurate financial records.

Front 10

desegregation

Back 10

During the 1960's, integration of southern universities began. President Kennedy supported black's civil rights. Some of this was painless, but much of it resulted in violent campaigns and riots.

Front 11

Massive retaliation

Back 11

John Foster Dulles formulated this policy for Eisenhower. He was Eisenhower's secretary of state in the 1950's. It stated that America would be willing to use nuclear weapons against aggressor nations instead of "limited" warfare. This led to the stockpiling of nuclear weapons.

Front 12

military-industrial complex

Back 12

During the Cold War military funding increased tremendously and at the end of Eisenhower's administration he warned about forming this which industry received huge government contracts to build for the military.

Front 13

Brown v Board of Education

Back 13

The case brought before the Supreme Court in May 1954 in which the Court ruled that segregation of races in public schools was unconstitutional.

Front 14

Geneva Conference

Back 14

This meeting split the nation of Vietnam roughly in half along the seventeenth parallel., and established a shaky peace in the nation of Laos.

Front 15

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Back 15

The hard-nosed Arab-nationalist president of Egypt during the Suez Canal crisis in 1956. He seized the Suez Canal from the English and French. England and France were willing to use force to get it back. Soviets try to interfere. Eisenhower made them back down when he put the Strategic Air Command on alert.

Front 16

Nikita Khrushnev

Back 16

The premier of Russia during the race to get satellites into space between Russia and the United States. He used many propaganda techniques to try to fool the world of Russia's intentions. President's Eisenhower and Kennedy dealt with his communist attitudes.

Front 17

Fidel Castro

Back 17

He engineered a revolution in Cuba in 1959. He denounced the imperialists and took valuable American property for a land-distribution program. When the U.S. cut off U.S. imports of Cuban sugar, He took more U.S. land and resulting from that his dictatorship became similar to Stalin's in Russia. (Communism in the Western Hemisphere)

Front 18

John F Kennedy

Back 18

He was the youngest president ever elected, as well as the only Catholic to take office. He represented the democratic party with his "New Frontier" platform in the 1960 election. He was a major contributor to the space program and to the civil rights movement. He was assassinated on Nov. 22, 1963.

Front 19

McCarthyisim

Back 19

This was the communist witch hunts of the 1950's. This fear of Communism ruined many lives and families. The Senate hearings on communism were run by Senator this was named after.

Front 20

Dwight Eisenhower

Back 20

when elected President, he was the most popular American

Front 21

Earl Warren

Back 21

Chief Justice and former governor of California

Front 22

Rosa Parks

Back 22

a seamstress and a secretary for the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP, was known as the "mother of the civil rights movement." In December of 1955 she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white rider. She was jailed and fined $14 for the offense. This led to Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Front 23

Ho Chi Minh

Back 23

The Vietnamese leader who believed in Asian nationalism and anti-colonialism in his country. He was trying to get rid of the French colonial rule in Vietnam. His beliefs were discouraged by the Cold War and he became increasingly communist. He lead the North Vietnamese against the U.S. and the south Vietnamese. He was the enemy in Vietnam.

Front 24

Ngo Dinh Diem

Back 24

A strong anti-communist, proclaimed South Vietnam a republic on Oct. 26, 1956 and became its first president. He was formerly the Premier of Vietnam. He was assassinated by a military coup d'etat.