Apush Final Exam: Colonial History

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Roanoke

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Earliest English Colony
First attempted colonization and sponsored by Walter Raleigh
2nd Attempt at colonization by John White
Relations with Algonquian Indians: welcoming at first but hostilities grow

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Jamestown

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Founded for economic interests in 1607

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Virginia Company

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the joint-stock company that funded Jamestown colonization

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John Smith

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saved colony from downfall by making people work

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Who brought the first Africans?

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The Dutch

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Algonquian Natives and their relations with the English

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Powhatan Confederacy initially allied with the British because they saw the English as the suppliers of weapons that would aid in struggles to control other Indian Tribes
(Mainly allied for weapons)

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John Rolfe and Tobacco

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Rolfe created a productive form of tobacco that made Jamestown prosper
(tobacco saves Jamestown economically)

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Headright Grants

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when the wealthy paid for the passage of English workers, they received land
(receiving land for every head, worker, they brought over)

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Virginia House of Burgesses

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1st representative assembly in the new world and governing body of Virginia

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Bacon's Rebellion

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What Happened:
Frontiersmen (former indentured servants) led by Nathaniel Bacon rebel against the government because of their anger over Indian attacks and disenfranchisement, Bacon dies and rebellion fails
Results: example of clashes between rural and urban communities
Plantation owners turn to slavery instead of indentured servitude

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Reasons for Founding of Plymouth

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religious freedom

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William Bradford

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a leader in the founding of Plymouth

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Pilgrims

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The Pilgrims were separatists (Members of an off-shoot branch of puritanism) and founded plymouth

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Mayflower Compact

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1st governing document with ideas of democratic government

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Puritan reason for founding Massachusetts Bay Colonies

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escape religious persecution
wished to reform the anglican church

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John Winthrop

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governor of the colony
wished to create "City Upon a Hill" in Boston
that is to establish the city as a theocracy and demonstrate the necessary reforms of the Anglican Church

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Puritans supported education

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schools and colleges to insure an adequate supply of ministers

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Puritan Intolerance

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Ex: Roger Williams and his radical ideas of religious freedom and separation of church and state led to his exile (went on to form Rhode Island)

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Salem Witchcraft Trials

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reflected Puritan intolerance and the demand for female subordination

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Founding of Georgia

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James Oglethorpe founded Georgia initially to help the poor and debtors in prison
Georgia was created as a buffer zone between English colonies and the Spanish in FL

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English approach to colonization
Frontier of inclusion or exclusion?

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Exclusion

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Indentured servitude

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represented the majority of english migrants to Chesapeake
labor force before slavery

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Mercantilism

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government intervenes in the economy in order to increase national wealth

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Role of colonies in mercantilism

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sources for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods

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Favorable balance of trade

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exporting more than you import

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Navigation Acts

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England wanted to reduce foreign competition form other nations so they put restrictions on colonial trade with foreign countries