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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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albany conference
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1754- to discuss better relations with the Indian tribes and common defense measures against the french. produced franklin's albany plan, which included writing the articles of confederation
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george grenville
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british whig prime minister. the grenville program included the proclamation of 1763, the 1763 Sugar Act, 1765 Quartering Act, and 1765 stamp act
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stamp act congress
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response to the stamp act. discussed trial by jury, right of self taxation, and the reduction of admiralty courts
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townshend's folly
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persuaded parliament to levy duties on lead, paint, paper, glass, and tea; which could only be legally imported from england. this would encourage the production of taxable goods in the colonies. the extra money would be used to pay the salaries of gov. officials
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regulator's revolt
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in north carolina where citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials. was unsuccessful, yet considered a catalyst for the revolution
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gaspee affair
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british ship Gaspee was attacked, boarded, looted, and torched by american patriots. lead up to revolutionary war
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the intolerable acts
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issued as response to boston tea party. sparks 1st continental congress.
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cornwallis' defeat @ yorktown
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french ships were blocking the bay, so cornwallis and the british couldn't get supplies. they also couldn't escape from the bay.
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weaknesses of articles of confederation
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no seperation of power
central government too weak congress has no power to tax changes need unanimous votes=impossible congress didn't have the power to regulate commerce |
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battle leading to french-american alliance
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battle at saratoga
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the experimental period
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1776-189 when the colonies explored the possibilities of their new freedom.
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northwest ordinance
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creation of the NW territory as the first organized territory in the U.S.
established the precedent that america would expand westward established ohio river as slavery boundary |
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jay- gardoqui treaty
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between U.S. and Spain
gave spain exclussive rights to navigate the mississippi river for 25 years |
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1786 annapolis convention
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to remedy barriers limiting trade or commerce between the independent states under the Articles of Confed.
not enough states show- postpone for the philadelphia convention of 1787 |
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shay's rebellion
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armed uprising in MA. poor farmers who felt crushed by debt and taxes.
last battle of revolution |
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article x
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reserves to the states respectively, or to the people, any powers the Constitution did not delegate to the United States, nor prohibit the states from exercising.
part of bill of rights |
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1st, 5th, 9th ammendments
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1st=freedom of religion, freedom of the press
5th=innocent until proven guilty by a jury of peers 9th= unalienable rights/ constitution |
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reason for the bill of rights
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anti-federalists would not approve the constitution without a bill of rights. wanted the bill of rights to keep the powers with the people
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judiciary act
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established the supreme court and it as sole judiciary power.
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proclamation of neutrality
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Washington declared the U.S. neutral in the conflict between England and France. lead to neutrality act of 1794
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gains of jay's treaty
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between US and GBR. averted war, solved issues left over from revolution, and opened peaceful trade in the midst of the french revolutions.
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pinckney's treaty
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set up US boundaries with spanish colonies. US now has use of mississippi river
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whiskey rebellion
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rxn. to Washington's taxation of whiskey. effected those who produced whiskey, not those who bought it. farmers would turn their surplus crop into whiskey, which was now no longer worth while.
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1800 election
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john adams v. thomas jefferson.
thomas jefferson wins, but tied with burr so house of representatives had to decide. lead to demise of federalist party. |
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opposition to louisiana purchase
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jefferson opposed the louisiana purchase, believed a president did not have the authority to make such a deal.
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embargo act
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banned trade between US and other nations. prevented ships from leaving American ports. Jefferson's attempt to prevent American involvement in the Napoleonic Wars
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war of 1812
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GBR v. US
b/c GBR restricting US trade with France. also, forced recruitment of US citizens into Royal Navy. |
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war hawks
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members of the House of Representatives who advocated waging war with GBR in the war of 1812.
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battle of new orleans
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final major war of 1812 battle. Gen. Andrew Jackson GBR who tried to seize New Orleans.
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treaty of ghent
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peace treaty that ended the war of 1812, restoring relations between GBR and US
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hartford convention
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during war of 1812, New England's opposition to the war caused them to consider secession.
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1816 tariff
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raised duties to an average of 20% to meet the need for increased revenues & demand for greater protection
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era of good feeling
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during president Monroe's two terms. also, there was a lack of partisan politics. america after war of 1812 was finally free from the influence of European political and military events.
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marbury v. madison
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the first time the supreme court declared something "unconstitutional". helped define the "checks and balances" system
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marshall as chief justice
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made supreme court the center of power. established exercise of judicial review: the power to strike down laws that violate the constitution.
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nat turner rebellion
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slave rebellion, killing 55 white people. caused widespread fear and white militias organized in retaliation against slaves
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henry clay& john quincy adams
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struck a "corrupt bargain" so that adams would win the election. jackson won the plurality and the greater number of electoral votes, yet adams was elected via House of Representatives
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hartford convention
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during war of 1812, New England's opposition to the war caused them to consider secession.
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1816 tariff
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raised duties to an average of 20% to meet the need for increased revenues & demand for greater protection
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era of good feeling
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during president Monroe's two terms. also, there was a lack of partisan politics. america after war of 1812 was finally free from the influence of European political and military events.
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marbury v. madison
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the first time the supreme court declared something "unconstitutional". helped define the "checks and balances" system
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marshall as chief justice
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made supreme court the center of power. established exercise of judicial review: the power to strike down laws that violate the constitution.
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nat turner rebellion
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slave rebellion, killing 55 white people. caused widespread fear and white militias organized in retaliation against slaves
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henry clay& john quincy adams
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struck a "corrupt bargain" so that adams would win the election. jackson won the plurality and the greater number of electoral votes, yet adams was elected via House of Representatives
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John Quincy Adams' Administration
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employed many political opponents
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tariff of abominations
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goal was to protect industry in northern and southern states. this meant imported goods were taxed. the south was harmed b/c it had to pay high prices for goods it did not/ could not produce
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andrew jackson & the constitution
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believed the president's oath bound him to agree with the constitution, not to interpret it.
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the spoils system
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practical purpose was to reward loyal party workers, Jackson changed 20% of the gov. offices, first president to take full advantage of it
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jackson's unofficial "kitchen cabinet"
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an informal counsel of men he trusted : Van Buren, Roger B. Taney, etc. they played a major role in the development of administration policies and ideas
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cherokee & Jackson
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in favor of indian removal
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calhoun and interposition
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pro- state interposition
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webster-hayne... what does webster believe?
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he saw the virtues of the North's policies toward the west and claiming that restrictions on western expansion and growth were primarily the responsibility of southerners
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jackson's response to calhoun doctrine
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Calhoun claimed that citizens from every state had the right to take their property to any territory. Congress had no authority to place restrictions on slavery in the territories
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1832 nullification crisis
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sectional crisis created by S. Carolina's ordinance of nullification. declared that tariffs of 1828&1832 were unconstitutional
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important development of 1832 election
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jackson won & vindicated. first national third party- anti-masonic party
holing of first national nominating convention |
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panic of 1837
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banks stopped payment in specie. reckless and speculative business activity.
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independent treasury act
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authorized establishment of subtreasuries in cities where gov. funds could be placed in vaults for safekeeping
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webster-ashburton treaty
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resolved border issues with GBR.
(the maine-new brunswick border) |
