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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What lasting gains did veterans of World War I reap?
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Veterans Bureau
-Set up hospitals and care facilities (vocational rehabs) for disabled veterans |
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What pressure group veterans organize?
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American legion
-Lobby for benefits for veterans -Get together to talk about past experiences (similar to a support group) |
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Adjusted Compensation Act of 1924
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Made up for lost wages of soldiers while they were away fighting
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What was the most pressing World War I problem faced by the Harding administration?
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Because we hadn't signed the Treaty of Versai, we were technically still at war with Germany
-Congress issued a joint resolution that declared war officially over |
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Who is the Secretary of State at this time and what action did he take
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Charles Evans Hughes
-Pres. hosted a conference in DC: Washington Naval Conference -Invitations go out to all nations except Russia-because of communism/red scare |
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What treaties were negotiator at the Washington Conference?
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1. Five Power Pact
-Limited construction of battleships 2. For Power Treaty -Try to maintain status quo 3. Nine Power Treaty -Protect China |
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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-62 nations signed
-outlawed war as an instrument of national policy (secretary of State at the time was Coolidge) |
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What was the goal of the London conference of 1933
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Called to decide how nations could work together to combat a worldwide depression
-60 nations meet in London |
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What was Pres. Roosevelt position on the conference
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-Everyman to himself (nationalism)
-He wouldn't let the Secretary of State go |
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What did the failure of this conference strengthened?
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Strengthened the rise of dictators
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Pres. Roosevelt matched isolationism from Europe with withdrawal from Asia. Why did Congress passed the Tydings-McDuffie act in 1934?
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Gave independence to Philippines
-We turned our back on them |
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What impacted America's actions and Asia have a Japan?
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-Militarists take over Japan
-Little fear of US because of isolationism |
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What internationalist gesture did Pres. Roosevelt make toward the Soviet Union in 1933 and why?
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-US officially recognized USSR equals trade-in diplomacy
-they can now buy American goods -We consider friendly counterpart to Japan and Germany |
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What was Pres. Roosevelt policy toward Latin America called? What motivated the policy? Was the policy a success?
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Good Neighbor Policy
-canceled Platt amendment |
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Who was the chief architect of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934? What is the act reverse? Was the act successful?
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.
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Why did Germany and the USSR resent theTreaty of Versaille.?
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.
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What did the post-World War I chaos in Europe, along with the Great Depression, spawn?
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The spread of totalitarianism
-Individual means nothing, state is everything |
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What new democratic governments emerged in Europe following WWI? What problems did the new democracy face?
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Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
-we insisted Germany be a republic but then we turned our backs and not a system after World War I |
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Who the first leader of Communist Russia? Who replaced him when he died?
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Vladimir Nikolai Lennon
Joseph Stalin -was a poor present -Transforms Russia from rural, backward nation into industrial monster |
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What it does is down due to transform Russia?
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-Does away with free enterprise/capitalism (Farms collectivized – owned by state – Government controls what and how much is produced)
-USSR became the third largest industrial power in the world- comes at a tremendous sacrifice to the people |
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What was the goal in the famous Stalin "purges"?
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Orchestrated purges of all of this loyal people
-30 members of own army executed -5 million killed/deported to Siberia when they opposed/resisted |
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Describe the legacy of miss trust that existed between United States and the USSR
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Communism versus capitalism
-Belief that you can't have both |
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Who established a totalitarian regime in Italy during the 1920s?
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Mussolini
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What was he nicknamed
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Il duce
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Define fascism and explain how different from communism
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Fascism
-space political system that glorifies nation -Minimalizes individual rights -Operates through autocratic ruler/central government-controls economic, social, and political behavior |
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Johnson Deette the fall act 19 3030
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United States will not loan to a nation who has defaulted on loans
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What is Germany's equivalent of Italy's fascist party?
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National Socialist German Workers' Party
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How did Mussolini gain control of Italy and the support of the Italian people?
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.
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What was the first act of aggression leading to World War II?
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Japan invaded Manchuria
-Set up the puppet government -Renamed it Manchuca -Burned, looted, and murdered hundreds of thousands (Hoover) |
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Who was Emperor of Japan
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Hirohito
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Who controlled Japan's military at this time
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Tojo
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How did the League of Nations respond to Japan's actions and what impact did the League's failure to act have on Hitler and Mussolini?
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-condemned Japan's actions: did nothing = set bad precedents
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How did the United States respond to Japan's aggression
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We support a "thug"
-But he is not Communist -Shane Kai-shek (Chinese leader) -We demand Japan leave China |
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Stimson doctrine
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Henry Simpson
-We don't recognize any of Japan's conquests |
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Identifying and get the significance of the night report
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–accuses bank and the munitions maker of dragging the US into World War I for profit
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Describe the Civil War the broke out in Spain in 1936
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Francisco Franco
– Spanish Rappold – general and Spanish army – Leads revolution against Spanish Loyalist government US position is neutral USSR supports monarchy -3000 Americans went to Spain to fight for loyalists (Abraham Lincoln Brigade) |
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What actions today definitely take during the 1930s the violated the treaty of Versailles? How did the league of Nations respond to Hitler's actions?
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-Pulls out of leave
-Pushes for canceling treaty -Begins to rearm Germany -Makes military service compulsory and admired -Talks about Germans needing more living space League of Nations did nothing |
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When Japan waged full skill war on China in 1937, had of the league of Nations respond
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Japanese murdered and mutilated 370,000 people
-The league did nothing |
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How did the United States response to panda invasion of China?
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Roosevelt: quarantine speech
– Causing all countries to quarantine aggressor; don't sell them anything they could use to wage war |
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Identify the Panini incident
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Japanese bombed the penne
– Two Americans killed, 30 wounded -Japan-whoops, mistake, we didn't see the American flag |
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During the 1930s Congress passed a series of neutrality acts explain the acts
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1936, 1935, 1938
-America not able to travel and ships of belligerent nations -Arms embargo -No loans to belligerent nations |
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What country did Hitler annexed in 1938
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Austria
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Why do you like this conference in Munich in 1938? Who attended the conference and what was decided?
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Host a conference in Munich with Mytilene by side
-Wanted to convince France and Britain to get that German speaking Czechoslovakia (Sudeten land) -Neville Chamberlain goes back to Britain saying "it is peace in our time" -Cost him to resign -Get finger to save on: six months later Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia |
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What word is synonymous with conference?
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Appeasement
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What ultimatum to Brandon Francis you Hitler at this time?
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Take one more inch of territory = war
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What famous pack to Germany and the USSR enter into in August 1939 and what did they secretly agreed to do?
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Nonaggression pact
-Agree secretly to divide Poland -Agree not to attack each other |
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What did Russia do shortly afterwards?
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Invaded Poland
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How did Brandon France respond actions
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Declared war on Germany
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From September 1939 until April 1940, Europe sat braced for an attack that did not come. What was this period known as
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Sitzkrieg – phony war
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What happened in the spring of 1940?
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Blitzkrieg on Norway Denmark Belgium Luxembourg Netherlands and France
-And France, English and French soldiers will evacuate Dunkirk and flee across the English Channel: over 300,000 escaped -fall of France (way later) |
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How did the US respond to the outbreak of war in Europe?
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Neutrality act of 1939
-Proclaim neutral left in Bargo -Cash and carry to allies |
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When did the battle of Britain began and what did it involve?
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July 1940 October
-German Luftwaffe will bomb Britain relentlessly -In preparation for operation Sea lion: German invasion of Britain |
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It was the prime minister of Britain at this time
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Winston Churchill
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What was Churchill was trying to when he said "never in the field of human conflict has so much been owed by so many so few"?
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Royal Air Force
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When did France fall to the Nazis?
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France sign armistice to Germany insane box car as Germanie did World War I
-Created bitchy France: it led by Patin (actual ruler exiled to england |
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How did the United States respond to the fall of France
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-Going to shock us out of isolationism because England is by itself
-We will be the palm forces, expand Navy -Burke-Wadsuarth Act : first ever peace time draft |
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Identify the America first committee
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Isolationist
-Americans you don't want to get involved the more -Leader: Charles Lindbergh -Walt Disney, Norman Thomas, Gerald Nye, Rankin |
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Describe the presidential election of 1940
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Republican: Wendell Wilkie
Democrats: FDR -FDR elected: shatters two-term presidency precedents |
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After failing to defeat the British during the battle Britain hello shock the world in June 1941 when his army invaded what country?
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Russia
-3 million invade in three places: Stalingrad, Leningrad, Moscow -Operation Barbosa -Russia uses scorched earth policy: destroy everything when retreating |
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Identify and give the significance of the Atlanta Charter
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Churchel and FDR will meet and adopt Atlanta charter
-Neither seek territory -Free-trade -Self-determination -United Nations -The Samana |
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Which side of the war was the US openly supporting by 1941?
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Lend lease to allies
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Describe the events leading to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
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Japan invaded Indochina in July 1941 for rice
-US freezes Japanese assets in US and demand them to leave China and India China -US broke into code to Japan -New Japan would launch war -Will launch plan Japan Yamamoto -Japan Wilson entourage to US to discuss solutions -Attack on Pearl Harbor: over three hundred planes attacked: all battleships destroyed: 2400 killed: USS Arizona worst hit |
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What impacted the attack have on Americans
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Became hysterical
-United the US |
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Why did Pres. Roosevelt due on December 8, 1941
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Asked for declaration of war
-The first to Pearl Harbor as "a date that will live in infamy" |
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What did Roosevelt executive order number 9066 authorize
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Allows president to "contain" Japanese
-Create makeshift camps for them: hundred 20,000 Japanese |
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Explain the court case Korematsu versus the United States
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Supreme Court upheld containment because of "clear and present danger"
1988: US government will officially apologize to Japanese-Americans and give $20,000 to survivors |
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Mobilizing for war
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1. war production Board
2. Office of Price administration 3. war labor Board 4. Office of scientific research and development |
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War production board
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. Convert factories to produce military goods
-Establish national speed limit 35 miles Brower -Not produce nonessentials |
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Office of Price administration
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Created to control inflation because of full employment and low stock of consumer goods
-Rationing of consumer goods: sugar, coffee, meat, gas, shoes -raise taxes |
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War labor Board
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-Prevent strikes
-Ceiling on wages -Union members -And fell and CIO adopt no strike clauses |
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Smith-Conolly act
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-Antistrike act
-Authorize government to seize and operate tied up industries -Federal offense to strike |
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Office of scientific research and development
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Bring science in the war effort
-improvements in radar, so not, pesticides (DDT), penicillin |
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Manhattan Project
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Pop secret project
-Robert Oppenheimer: director project -Albert Einstein flood Germany because he was a Jew and warned Pres. that Germany was splitting atoms and building weapons of mass destruction -We begin to work on building atomic bomb |
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Manpower and woman power
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5 million men volunteer for
-Eight week training -$21 a month -G.I.: government issue -250,000 women volunteer -6 million women into work force -"Rosie the riveter" -Revolutionize role of women -Blacks are in the war then beginning, no combat, segregated -The VV: double victory: victory at home and victory in foreign countries: take dictators down |
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George Marshall
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Army Chief of Staff
-Interested in having women and more |
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W AAC
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Oveta hulp Hobby : first director
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