Apush Ch 15

Front 1

Deism

Back 1

rejected original sin of man, denied Christ’s divinity but believed in a supreme being that created universe with an order, similar to a clockmaker

Front 2

Unitarian faith begins (New England)

Back 2

* believed God existed in only 1 person, not in the orthodox trinity; stressed goodness of human nature
* believed in free will and salvation through good works; pictured God as a loving father
* appealed to intellectuals with rationalism and optimism

Front 3

2nd Great Awakening

Back 3

a tidal wave of spiritual fervor that resulted in prison reform, church reform, temperance movement (no alcohol), women’s rights movement, abolition of slavery in 1830s

Front 4

Methodists and Baptists

Back 4

stressed personal conversion, democracy in church affairs, emotionalism

Front 5

Peter Cartwright

Back 5

was best known of the “circuit riders” or traveling preachers

Front 6

Charles Grandison Finney

Back 6

the greatest revival preacher who led massive revivals in Rochester, NY

Front 7

New York, with its Puritans, preached “hellfire” and was known as the

Back 7

Burned-Over District

Front 8

Millerites (Adventists)

Back 8

predicted Christ to return to earth on Oct 22, 1844. When this prophesy failed to materialize, the movement lost credibility

Front 9

conservatives were made up of:

Back 9

propertied Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Unitarians

Front 10

the less-learned of the South the West (frontier areas) were usually

Back 10

Methodists or Baptists

Front 11

Joseph Smith

Back 11

laimed to have found golden tablets in NY with the Book of Mormon inscribed on them. He came up with the Mormon faith, officially called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

Front 12

Mormon faith

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* antagonism toward them emerged due to their polygamy, drilling militia, and voting as a unit
* Smith was killed, but was succeeded by Brigham Young, who led followers to Utah
* they grew quickly by birth and immigration from Europe
* they had a federal governor and marched to Utah when Young became governor
* the issue of polygamy prevented Utah’s entrance to U.S. until 1896

Front 13

he idea of tax-supported, compulsory (mandatory), primary schools was

Back 13

opposed:
# Gradually, support rose because uneducated “brats” might grow up to be rabbles with voting rights
# Free public education, triumphed in 1828 along with the voting power in the Jackson election
# there were largely ill-taught and ill-trained teachers, however
#school was too expensive for many community; blacks were mostly left out from education

Front 14

Horace Mann

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fought for better schools and is the “Father of Public Education”

Front 15

Noah Webster

Back 15

dictionary and Blueback Speller

Front 16

William H. McGuffey

Back 16

McGuffey’s Readers

Front 17

Univ. of North Carolina

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1st state-supported university was founded in the Tar Heel state. Jefferson started the University of Virginia shortly afterwards (UVA was to be independent of religion or politics)

Front 18

# Emma Willard

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— established Troy Female Seminary (1821)

Front 19

Mount Holyoke Seminary (1837) was established by

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Mary Lyon

Front 20

reformers opposed

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# tobacco, alcohol, profanity, and many other vices, and came out for women’s rights
# women were very important in motivating these reform movements
# reformers were often optimists who sought a perfect society

* some were naïve and ignored the problems of factories
* they fought for no imprisonment for debt (the poor were sometimes locked in jail for less than $1 debt); this was gradually abolished
* reformers wanted criminal codes softened and reformatories created

Front 21

Dorothea Dix

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fought for reform of the mentally insane in her classic petition of 1843

Front 22

American Temperance Society

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# was formed at Boston (1826) – the “Cold Water Army” (children), signed pledges, made pamphlets, and an anti-alcohol novel emerged called 10 nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There
# Attack on the demon drink adopted 2 major lines attack…

* stressed temperance (individual will to resist)
* legislature-removed temptation
* sponsored Maine Law of 1851 which prohibited making and sale of liquor (followed by others)

Front 23

- Neal S. Dow becomes the

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"Father of Prohibition”

Front 24

the women’s movement was led by

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Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony (Suzy Bs), Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell (1st female medical graduate), Margaret Fuller, the Grimke sisters (anti-slavery advocates), and Amelia Bloomer (semi-short skirts)

Front 25

The Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention (1848)

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held in NY, it was a major landmark in women’s rights

Front 26

Declaration of Sentiments –

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was written in the spirit of the Declaration of Independence saying that “all Men and Women are created equal”
# demanded ballot for women
# launched modern women’s rights movement

Front 27

Robert Owen

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founded New Harmony, IN (1825) though it failed in confusion

Front 28

Brook Farm –

Back 28

Massachusetts experiment (1841) where 20 intellectuals committed to Transcendentalism (it lasted until ‘46)

Front 29

Oneida Community —

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practiced free love, birth control, eugenic selection of parents to produce superior offspring; it survived ironically as a capitalistic venture, selling baskets and then cutlery.

Front 30

Shakers

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– a communistic community (led by Mother Ann Lee); they couldn’t marry so they became extinct

Front 31

Nathaniel Bowditch –

Back 31

studied practical navigation and oceanography

Front 32

Matthew Maury

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ocean winds, currents

Front 33

Benjamin Silliman (1779-1864)

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pioneer in chemistry geologist (taught in Yale)

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Louis Agassiz (1807-1873) -

Back 34

served at Harvard, insisted on original research

Front 35

Asa Gray (1810-1888)

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Harvard, was the Columbus of botany

Front 36

John Audubon (1785-1851)

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painted birds with exact detail

Front 37

U.S. had traditionally imitated (art)

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European styles of art (aristocratic subjects, dark portraits, stormy landscapes)
# 1820-50 was a Greek revival, as they’d won independence from Turks; Gothic forms also gained popularity
# Thomas Jefferson was the most able architect of his generation (Monticello and University of Virginia)
# Artists were viewed as a wasters of time; they suffered from Puritan prejudice of art as sinful pride

Front 38

Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828)

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painted Washington and competed with English artists

Front 39

Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)

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painted 60 portraits of Washington

Front 40

John Trumbull (1756-1843) -

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captured the Revolutionary War in paint in dramatic fashion

Front 41

During the nationalism upsurge after War of 1812, U.S. painters portrayed

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human landscapes and Romanticism
* “darky” tunes became popular

Front 42

Stephen Foster

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wrote Old Folks at Home (AKA Suwannee River, his most famous) and My Old Kentucky Home.

Front 43

The Knickerbocker group in NY wrote the first truly American literature, it includes:

Back 43

* Washington Irving (1783-1859) - 1st U.S. internationally recognized writings, The Sketch Book
* James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) - 1st US novelist, The Leatherstocking Tales (which included The Last of the Mohicans which was popular in Europe)
* William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) – Thanatopsis, the 1st high quality poetry in U.S.

Front 44

transcendentalism clashed with

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John Locke (who argued knowledge came from reason); for transcendentalists, truth came not by observation alone, from with inner light
# it stressed individualism, self-reliance, and non-conformity

Front 45

Ralph Waldo Emerson

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was popular since the ideal of the essay reflected the spirit of the U.S.
# he lectured the Phi Beta Kappa Address “The American Scholar”
# he urged U.S. writers throw off European tradition
# influential as practical philosopher (stressed self-government, self-reliance, depending on self)
# most famous for his work, Self Reliance

Front 46

Henry David Thoreau

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# He condemned slavery and wrote Walden: Or life in the Woods
# He also wrote On the Duty of Civil Disobedience, which was idealistic in thought, and a forerunner of Gandhi and then Martin Luther King Jr., saying it is not wrong to disobey a wrong law

Front 47

Walt Whitman

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wrote Leaves of Grass (poetry) and was “Poet Laureate of Democracy”

Front 48

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow -

Back 48

wrote poems popular in Europe such as Evangeline

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John Greenleaf Whittier

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poems that cried against injustice, intolerance, inhumanity

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James Russell Lowell -

Back 50

political satirist who wrote Biglow Papers

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Oliver Wendell Holmes -

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The Last Leaf

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Louisa May Alcott -

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with transcendentalism wrote Little Women

Front 53

Emily Dickinson –

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wrote of the theme of nature in poems

Front 54

Southern literary figure – William Gillmore Simms

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“the cooper of the south”; wrote many books of life in frontier South during the Revolutionary War

Front 55

# Edgar Allan Poe -

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wrote “The Raven” and many short stories

* invented modern detective novel and “psychological thriller”
* he was fascinated by the supernatural and reflected a morbid sensibility (more prized by Europe)

Front 56

reflections of Calvinist obsession with original sin and struggle between good & evil include

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* Nathaniel Hawthorne - The Scarlet Letter (psychological effect of sin)
* Herman Melville - Moby Dick, and allegory between good and evil told of a whaling captain

Front 57

George Bancroft –

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founded the naval academy; published U.S. history book and was known as the “Father of American History”

Front 58

William H. Prescott -

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published on the conquest of Mexico, Peru

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Francis Parkman -

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published on the struggle between France and England in colonial North America

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# Historians were all from

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New England because they had the most books. Therefore, there became an anti-South bias.