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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Linguistics |
The science of language |
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Lexicon |
The mental dictionary or vocabulary of a language |
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Morphology |
The study of the structure of words; the component of the grammar that includes the rules of word formation. |
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Phonetics |
The study of linguistic speech sounds, how they are produced (articulation), how they are percieved (auditory or perceptual), and their physical aspects (acoustics). |
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Phonology |
The sound system of a language, the component of a grammar that includes the inventory of sounds and rules for their combination and pronunciation. |
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Syntax |
The rules of sentence formation; the component of the mental grammar that represents speakers' knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences. |
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Semantics |
The study of the linguistic meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences. |
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Pragmatics |
The study of how context and situation affect meaning. |
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7 Charecteristics of language |
1. All humans are born with linguistic knowledge 2. The relationship between form and meaning is arbitrary 3. Language is creative 4. Language changes 5. Languages have rules 6. There is a difference between linguistic knowledge and linguistic performance 7. All languages have a prescriptive and descriptive grammar. |
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Linguistic knowledge vs. Linguistic performance |
Knowledge is what we know about a language. Performance is how we use that knowledge in actual speech production and comprehension.
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Descriptive grammar |
A true model of the mental grammar of language speakers.
It describes the linguistic rules that people use when they speak their language.
The view of a descriptive grammarian is that all grammars from every language or dialect are equal. |
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Prescriptive grammar |
Attempts to prescribe what rules of language people should use to speak "properly"
The view of a prescriptive grammarian is that some grammars are better than others.
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Cortex |
The surface of the brain which receives messages from the sensory organs. |
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Cerebral hemispheres |
The left and right hemispheres of the brain function contralaterally |
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Corpus Callosum |
A network of 200 million fibers that join the two hemispheres and allow the left and right hemispheres to communicate with each other |
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Aphasia |
Language disorder cuased by damage to the brain.
Historical analysis of brain and left hemisphere connections. |
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Agrammatism |
Associated with Broca's aphasia
lacking articles, prepositions, pronouns, and auxilery verbs as well as grammatical word endings such as past tense marker -ed |
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Anomia |
The innability to find the word you want to say. |
