Apes Chapter 12 Test Review Part 2

Front 1

Advantages of GM Foods

Back 1

Need less fertilizer, water, and pesticides, grow faster and may reduce energy needs.

Front 2

Disadvantages of GM Foods

Back 2

Unpredictible genetic and ecological effects, harmful toxins and new allergins in foods, no increase in crop yeilds, promotes more resistant insects and weeds, lowers genetic diversity.

Front 3

Advantages of Aquaculture

Back 3

Highly efficient, high yeilds, reduces over harvesting of certain fish species, low fuel use, high profits.

Front 4

Disadvantages of Aquaculture

Back 4

Large inputs of land, feed, and water, large waste output, loss of wetland ecosystems, some species are fed grain or fish meal, dense populations promote the spread of disease.

Front 5

Disadvantages of livestock raised on rangelands and pastures

Back 5

Promotes overgrazing and soil erosion, diseases are difficult to control, animals take longer to mature and fatten up, more land is converted/used

Front 6

Advantages of livestock raised on rangelands and pastures

Back 6

More efficient, animals eat their natural diets, animals lead less stressful lives, lower fossil fuel use, lower greenhouse gas emisssions, animal wastes are dispersed naturally

Front 7

Disadvantages of livestock raised in feedlots

Back 7

Animals are fed unnatural diets, antibiotics and hormones are used, pens are crowded and often indoors, animal wastes build up and pollute the environment, high greenhouse gas emissions, large inputs of fossil fuels

Front 8

Advantages of livestock raised in feedlots

Back 8

Diseases are easier to control, animals can be slaughtered sooner, reduces overgrazing and soil erosion, higher profits, less land use

Front 9

Advantages of conventional chemical pesticides

Back 9

Saves lives (killing dangerous pests), increases food supplies, makes farming more profitable, works quickly, is safe if used propperly

Front 10

Disadvantages of conventional chemical pesticides

Back 10

Promotes genetic resistance, kills beneficial organisms, pollutes the environment, can be harmful to wildlife and people, is expensive for farmers

Front 11

Advantages of indoor hydroponics

Back 11

Little or no need for pesticides, fertilizer and water use are reduced through recycling, crops are grown year around, crops can be grown almost anywhere, crops require less space

Front 12

Disadvantages of indoor hydroponics

Back 12

It is expensive to start, farmers fear it requires technical knowledge, threatens the profits of big agribusinesses - producers of fertilizers, pesticides, and farm equiptment.

Front 13

O Horizon

Back 13

Leaf litter, containing decomposer organisms and broken down plant and animal matter.

Front 14

A Horizon

Back 14

Topsoil, containing decomposer organisms and complex organic compounds and inorganic materials such as clay, sand, and silt.

Front 15

B Horizon

Back 15

Subsoil, containing broken down rock consisting of varying mixtures of sand, silt, clay, and gravel.

Front 16

C Horizon

Back 16

Parent material or bedrock

Front 17

Water

Back 17

The largest cause of soil erosion

Front 18

Organic fertilizers

Back 18

Livestock menure, green manure, and compost

Front 19

The nutrients in soil that are most essentail to plants

Back 19

Potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, and phosphorous

Front 20

The material that best allows water to flow through it.

Back 20

Gravel

Front 21

The material with the lowest porosity

Back 21

Sand

Front 22

The material with the lowest permeability

Back 22

Compacted sand and wet sand

Front 23

Farming methods to reduce soil erosion

Back 23

Terracing, contour planting, strip cropping, alley cropping, and windbreaks.

Front 24

Salinization prevention strategies

Back 24

Reduce irrigation and switch to salt-tolerant crops

Front 25

Sustainable aquaculture practices

Back 25

Certify and label sustainable products, set up self-sustaining systems, cultivate herbivorous species, protect aquatic ecosystems by managing wastes and reducing escape of species.

Front 26

Stustainable agriculture practices

Back 26

Use more: biological pest control, organic fertilizers, crop rotation, ect. Use less: fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, ect.