Ap World History Unit 3 Flashcards

Front 1

Islam

Back 1

The second-largest religion in the world after Christianity.

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Muhammad

Back 2

The founder of Islam. He lived from 570 CE to 632 CE in what is now Saudi Arabia.

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Mecca

Back 3

The city of Muhammad's birth and the location of the holiest pilgrimage site in Islam.

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Sunni

Back 4

The largest denomination of Islam. Sunni focuses on the need for the consensus of all people in the selection of Muslim leaders and the interpretation of Muslim scriptures.

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Shi'a

Back 5

The second-largest denomination of Islam. Shi'a focuses on the importance of Muhammad'sdescendants, as they believe that God's selection is more important than broader consensus. Several ofMuhammad's prominent descendants have become the scriptural authorities for the Shi'a faith.

Front 6

Umayyad

Back 6

The largest historical Islamic caliphate. It lasted from 661 to 750.

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Koran

Back 7

The holy book of Islam, believed to have been spoken to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel.

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Abbasid

Back 8

A large Shi'a caliphate based in Baghdad. Lasted from 750 to 1258.

Front 9

Crusades

Back 9

A series of wars between Catholic and Islamic armies over control of pilgrimage sites and trade routes in the Middle East. Waged intermittently between 1095 and 1272.

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Mali

Back 10

An Empire in West Africa, famous for the metropolis of Timbuktu. Lasted from 1230 to 1667.

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Timbuktu

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The largest city in West Africa. Also site of the largest university and library in Africa.

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Ibn Battuta

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A traveler from North Africa who wrote travel accounts of Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.

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Swahili

Back 13

A language and culture that developed in East Africa as a result of interactions between Bantu peoples and Arab and Indian colonists.

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Eastern Roman Empire

Back 14

An empire that split from the Western Roman Empire in 395 and lasted until 1453. Its capital was at Constantinople.

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Byzantine Empire

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An alternate name for the Eastern Roman Empire, which split from the Western Roman Empire in 395 and lasted until 1453.

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Vikings

Back 16

Scandinavian people involved in raid warfare and colonization of northern and eastern Europe prior to 1000 CE.

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Feudalism

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A decentralized system of government and labor organization. Nobles are given land in exchange for loyalty to the king and military service. They gain ownership over not only their land but also the common people on it, who become serfs. Common in medieval Europe and Japan.

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Charlemagne

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The founder of the Holy Roman Empire. Lived from 768 to 814.

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Goths

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An ethnolinguistic group from Scandinavia, they conquered most of Western Europe in the 5th century CE.

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Aztec Empire

Back 20

An empire created by three allied city-states in modern day central Mexico. It lasted from 1428 to 1521.

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Inca Empire

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A large centralized empire in the South American Andes Mountains. It lasted from 1438 to 1533.

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Tang Dynasty

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A Chinese dynasty known for openness to foreign influences, particularly Buddhism. It lasted from 618 to 907.

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Song Dynasty

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A Chinese dynasty known for the development of the ideology of Neo-Confucianism. It lasted from 960 to 1279.

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Yuan Dynasty

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A dynasty established in China by the Mongol invader Kublai Khan. It lasted from 1271 to 1368.

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Ming Dynasty

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The Chinese Dynasty that overthrew the Mongols. They are famous for launching Zheng He's voyages. Lasted from 1368 to 1664,

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Civil service examination

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First established in the Tang but not used consistently until the Song. This was an examination held by the Imperial Academy to identify candidates to serve in China's bureaucracy.

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Empress Wu

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The only woman to reign in name in Chinese history. Was the first monarch to use civil service examinations for all appointments. Reigned from 684 to 705.

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Samurai

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Professional warriors who served Japanese feudal lords, called daimyo.

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Daimyo

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Japanese feudal lords, similar to European knights and barons.

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Mongols

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A Turkic ethnic group from eastern Central Asia, who conquered most of Asia in the 13th to 15th centuries.

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Genghis Khan

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The first Mongol ruler to unify all Mongols under his banner.

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Mit'a

Back 32

A "labor tax" in the Inca Empire, in which commoners owed the government several weeks of hard physical labor per year.