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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bedouin
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Arab peopIe who lived in separate, loyal, tribal groups, and were often involved in overland and maritime trade
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Mecca
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an important religious site with a large influx of traders and pilgrims
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Ka'Bah (Kaaba)
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a black stone (meteorite) place in the Great Mosque by Abraham; was the center of Mecca
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Muhammad
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God's messenger; was born in 570 C.E. in Mecca
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Allah
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God
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Muslim
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one who submits to God
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Islam
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submission to God
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Yathrib (Medina)
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city that Muhammad escaped to (622) and became popular at
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Higira (Hijrah)
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Muhammad's journey to Medina/Yathrib
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"People of the Book"
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refers to the Jews and Christians in the Quran/Koran
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Quran (Koran)
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the script of God; the literal words of God as revealed to Muhammad
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Al-Ameen
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"the trusted one"
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Mosque
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a place where the Muslims would pray five times a day facing Mecca
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Five Pillars of Islam
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•Statement of Faith: There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.
•Pray five times a day facing Mecca. •Give alms (charity) to the poor. •Fast during the holy month of Ramadan. •Make a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca during one's lifetime. |
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Shia
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believed that the leader shod be a descendant of Muhammad
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Sunni
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believed that the community could choose the wisest member of the strongest tribe
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Caliph
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a political and spiritual leader
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Umayyad Clan
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took control of the Islamic Empire in 661 and transformed the CALIPHATE into a hereditary monarchy based in DAMASCUS
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Umayyad Caliphate
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set up sophisticted bureaucracies where local administrators governed
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Abbasid Clan
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overthrew the Umayyad dynasty in 750 and moved the capital of the empire to BAGHDAD
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Dar al-Islam
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"all under Islam"; refers to the custom in which a Muslim traveler or trader found himself welcome regardless of where they came from
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House of Wisdom
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built in Baghdad in 830; collected the knowledge of the Eurasian world
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Gothic Style
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style of architecture and art in Islam and Europe
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The Alhambra
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the most famous example of Islamic architecture; a very luxurious building
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Al Hakim
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a madman who burnt down the CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHER for no particular reason
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Saracens
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generic term for Muslims; widely used in Europe during the later medieval era
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Franks
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another name for the crusaders
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Saladin
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a man who led the Third Crusade and took Jerusalem the next year; eventually became one of the most famous Muslims as his reputation spread throughout Europe
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Mongol Catastrophe
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terror of the Mongols that destroyed the people of the Abbasid Empire; in 1258 they conquered Baghdad
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Steppes
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inhospitable Eurasian grasslands
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Genghis Khan
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a man who successfully united the various Mongol tribes
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Kublai Khan
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Genghis Khan's grandson; defeated the Song dynasty and for the first time China was under foreign rule; created a Chinese-style dynasty taking the name Yuan
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Pax Mongolica
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period of Mongolian Peace when trade and cultural diffusion flourished along the Silk Road
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Marco Polo
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a Venetian explorer who write extensively about his travels in Europe
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Hulego
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Kublai Khan's brother; defeated the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258
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The Golden Horde
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terrorized Russia for 200 years under the Mongul ruler Batu
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Ghana
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a regional state around the 400s in West Africa
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Trans-Saharan Trade
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trade that led to Ghana's growth in power and influence
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Sundiata
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an epic poem from West Africa that tells how the first Mali emperor came to power
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Mansa Musa
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the most famous and powerful Mali emperor who ruled from 1312 to 1337
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Timbuktu
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political capital of Mali; a regional cultural center of Islamic scholarship and art for all of West Africa
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Indian Ocean Trade
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as the Trans-Saharan trade was to West Africa the _______________ trade was to East Africa
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Migadishu, Kilwa and Sofala
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East African city-states
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The Great Zimbabwe
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a huge city of stone towers, palaces and public buildings that was created by the kingdom of Zimbabwe in the 1200s
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Sui dynasty
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dynasty that reunited China in 581
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NeoConfucianism
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hybrid of traditional Confucianism with Buddhist and Daoist principles interwoven
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Champa
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fast ripening rice from southwest Asia
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Higia Sophia
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arguably the greatest Cathedral in the world
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Constantinople
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capital of the Byzantine Empire; the greatest trade city in the world
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The Great Schism
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in 1054 the church officially split into the ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH and the EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH after the Pope and the Patriarch each excommunicated each other
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Normans (Northmen)
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the transplanted Viking settlements in France
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William the Conqueror
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a Norman lord from northern France who invaded England with his army in 1066
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The Turks
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a pastoral nomadic group from the Central Asian steppes; often hired by Muslim leaders as mercenaries
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Seljuk Turks
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invaded Abbasid territory and sacked Baghdad in 1055
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Afghan Turks
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nomads from Afghanistan who began a series of raids into India in the 10th century
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Delhi Sultanate
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ruled northern India from 1206 to 1526
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Feudal System
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land was given to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty
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Yamato Clan
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Japanese clan that gained religious and cultural influence on other clans by the 600s
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Fujiwara Clan
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dominated Japan between 710 and 785; sent emissaries to China and modeled again in an unsuccessful attempt to model their government on the Chinese imperial model
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Shogun
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supreme general in Japan
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Daimyo
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regional military leaders
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Samurai
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military class in Japan that developed a strict warrior code called Bushido
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Shinto
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the religion native to Japan: everything possesses a spirit or kami
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Zen Buddhism
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form of Chinese Buddhism that incorporated elements of Shintoism
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Aztecs (Mexica people)
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the last great Mesoamerican culture before the arrival of the Europeans
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Aztecs (Mexica people)
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the last great Mesoamerican culture before the arrival of the Europeans
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Lake Texcoco
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Mexico city
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Tenochtitlan
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the largest city in the Americas with over 150,000 inhabitants
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Chinampass System
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man-made floating farmland
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Incas
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people who conquered a large area and absorbed a large area and assimilated many tribes in central-western South America
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Terrace Farming
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system used to deal with the rugged mountainous terrain in the Andes
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Quipo
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elaborate system of knots on rope used as a record keeping system in the Incan civilization
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Machu Picchu
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a sacred city in the Incan civilization that consisted of impressive stone buildings
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The Crusades
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series of Christian holy wars conducted against INFIDELS (Non-Catholic individuals) in order to recover the PALESTINE from Muslims
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Pope Urban II
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launched the Crusades in 1095 when he called Christian knights to take up arms and seize the HOLY LAND
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REQUIRED EXAMPLES: Fate of Cities
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•Disease
•Invasion •The Decline of Agricultural Productivity |
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REQUIRED EXAMPLES: Forms of Labor Organization
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•Free Peasant Agriculture
•Nomadic Pastoralism •Various Forms of Coerced and Unfree Labor •Government-Imposed Labor Taxes •Military Obligations |
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Justinian's Code
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body of civil law in the Byzantine Empire that was based on Roman law
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Yukatan Peninsula
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place where the Mayans developed a large domain and lived in scattered settlements in southeastern Mexico
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REQUIRED EXAMPLES: Urban Revival
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•The End of Invasions
•The Availability of Safe and Reliable Transport •The Rise of Commerce and the Warmer Temperatures Between 800 and 1300 •Greater Availability of Labor |
