Ap World History Must Know People

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Hammurabi

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King of the Babylonian Empire (r. 1792-1750BCE) Improved Sargon's admin techniques by relying on centralized bureaucratic rule and regular taxation. Complied Mesopotamia's most complete law code - Hammurabi's Laws, punishments tat were similar to crime

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Abraham

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Migrated to northern Mesopotamia, decendents developed Judaism

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Historic Buddah

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Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE), founded Buddism in 528 BCE, sought to completely understand and fine away to eliminate all suffering

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Confucius

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Kong Fuzi 551-479 BCE, educator and political adviser, first one to create idea of thought to address Chinese political and economic problems in straight forward way

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Laozi

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604-531 BCE alleged author of Daodejing primary teachings of Daoism

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Socrates

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470-399 BCE Greek philosopher, desired to understand human beings and affairs completely. posed questions to encourage reflection, condemned to poison on charges of corrupting youth

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Aristotle

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384-322 BCE disciple of Plato's disciple of Socrates, believed philosophers could rely on their senses to understand the world and reason to sort out mysteries

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Alexander the Great

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356-323 BCE Invaded Persia and became king in 330 BCE, took over Syria, Palestine, and campaigned in Asia minor

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Qin Shihuangdi

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221-210 BCE first emperor of China/ Qin Dynasty, provided centralized imperial rule, common written script, massive tomb with Terra cotta army

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Ashoka Maurya

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reigned Mauryan dynasty 268-232 BCE during high point, adopted Buddhism in 260 BCE as an attractive faith to unify India

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Emperor Constantine

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Ruled Roman empire 306-337 CE, built capital at Constantinople, Edict of Milan 313 allowed Christians to openly practice their faith, converted to Christianity

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Attila the Hun

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mid 5th century CE Nomadic Warrior king organized Huns into virtually unstoppable military, invaded Hungary, Balkan region etc. Refugees fled to Roman Empire and caused conflict

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Cro-Magnon

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35,000-10,000 years ago, Europe, first example of Homo-sapiens

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Menes

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Unified Upper and Lower Egypt around 3100 BCE, built centralized state ruled by pharoh

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Shang Dynasty

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1766-1122 BCE , rise from Bronze Metallurgy and horse drawn cahriots, decentralized state

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Xerxes

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519-469 BCE Darius' succesor, tried to invade Greece, failure led to decline of Achaemenian empire, harsh rule

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Darius

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greatest of Achaemenian emperors (r. 521-486 BCE), expanded east and wast, issued standardized coin, laid foundation for government system of mass empire

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Period 3

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600-1450

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Justinian

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Early Byzantine empire (r. 527-565) Most important of early emperors, built church of Hagia Sophia, Codification of Roman Law-body of civil law; influenced law codes of Europe, Japan, and US

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Muhammad

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Born to Merchants in Mecca 570 CE, influenced by Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, 610 CE convictions of one true god Allah, Prophet, began spreading beliefs 620 CE, 630 CE established Islam

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Genghis (chinggis) Khan

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Unified Mongol empire, broke up tribal groups to create military units, established Mongol supremecy in central Asia

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Khubilai Khan

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Consolidated Mongol rule in China, Overthrew Song dynasty and established Yuan dynasty, promoted Buddism, daoism, muslim and christains, ruled empire at hight

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Marco Polo

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Italian explorer 1253-1324, Diplomatic missions for Kubulahi Khan, merchant in china, traveled a lot, stories influenced European merchnats to participate in Euraisan trade.

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Mansa Musa

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ruled Mali (Afirca) during high point 1312-1337, embraced Islamic religion with massive caravan to Mecca, built mosques, established religions schools, established tradition of centralized government

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Ibn Battuta

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Moroccan traveler, 1304-1364, Besr known of Muslim legal travelers, served as quati and advisor in Sultanate of Delphi, quati in the maldives, provided guidance to recently Muslim convert societies

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Zheng He

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Led chinese naval expiditions to establish Chinese presence in the Indian ocean 1405-1433 to SE Asia, India, Ceylon; Persian gulf and Arabia; East african ports

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Charlemagne

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Ruled Frankish realm during high point 768-814, temp reestablishe dcetnralized imperial rule, suprise proclimation of emperor by Pope leo lll

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Pachacuti

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Inca ruler, 1438-1471, launched military campaigns in 1438 to expand Incas authority, organized Inca admin rule, began construction of extensive newtwork of roads