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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Earliest inhabitants of the Americans came from _ into what is now _ |
Asia Alaska |
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Inhabitants came to the America's about _ years ago |
15,000 |
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Sea levels were lower so they walked across a _ _ following _ of _ |
Land bridge Herds of animals |
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When did it become more difficult to survive by foraging? |
8,000 BCE |
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People of Mesoamerica began experimenting with cultivation around _-_ BCE |
8,000-7,000 |
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When did Mesoamericans discover the potential of maize? |
4,000 BCE |
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Agriculture had speed throughout Mesoamerica by... |
2,000 BCE |
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Had a rich diet of _ food but did not keep many _ |
Cultivated Animals |
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Mesoamericans domesticated _ and small barkless _ |
Turkeys Dogs |
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They turkeys and barkless dogs were... |
Consumed |
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America had no large animals like _, _, or pigs |
Cattle Sheep |
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First society of Mesoamerica |
Omec |
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Omec means... |
Rubber people |
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Omec name comes from the _ _ that grow in the region in which they live |
Rubber trees |
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First ceremonial center of the Omec was made around _ BCE in present-day _ _ |
1,200 San Lorenzo |
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The region received _ _ so the Omec made _ _ to divert waters that would have flooded the field |
Abundant rainfall Drainage system |
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Early Omec society was probably... |
Authoritarian |
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Omec _ _ worked regularly for the elote |
Common people |
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Most characteristic features the Omec produced were colossal _ _ sculpted from _ |
Human heads Basalt |
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Omec ceremonial centers of _ _ and _ _ were destroyed by themselves |
San Lorenzo La Venta |
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Each ceremonial center had a complex of _, _, and _ |
Temples Pyramids Altars |
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Omecs traded in _, _, small works of _, and animal _ |
Jade Obsidian Art Skins |
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Obsidian was used to make _ and _ |
Knives Axes |
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Earliest heirs of the Omecs were the... |
Maya |
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Permanent villages appeared in the Yucatan peninsula during the... |
3rd Century BCE |
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First Mayan ceremonial center was... |
Kaminaljuyu |
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Kaminaljuyu was in present-day... |
Guatemala |
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Kaminaljuyu was probably under influence of a city-state in _ _ called _ |
Central Mexico Teotihuacan |
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The most important political center of the Maya, at its height, was _ which was powerful between _-_ _ _ |
Tikal 4-9 Century CE |
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Tikal was a wealthy bustling city housing about... |
40,000 |
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Tikal's most prominent feature was the _ of the _ _ which was about _ ft |
Temple of the Giant Jaguar 154 |
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Maya organized themselves politically into small _ _ |
City kingdoms |
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Maya kings took on names associated with the... |
Jaguar |
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Other important Mayan cities were _ and _ |
Palenque Chicbenitza |
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Mayan kingdoms _ each other constantly |
Fought |
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Mayan warfare was not to _ your enemy but to _ them in _ to _ _ |
Kill Capture Hand to hand combat |
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_ won enormous prestige when they brought back _ |
Warriors Captives |
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Rulers integrated _ into their society in _ |
Integrated Chichenitza |
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_ created a loose Mayan empire around _ _ _ |
Chichenitza 9th Century CE |
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Maya built _ to trap _ carried by the rivers of Mesoamerica |
Terraces Silt |
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Maya popuation began to desert their cities around _ _ |
800 CE |
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Only _ continued for a few more years after Maya society were being deserted |
Chichenitza |
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List the reasons for the destruction of Mayan society (3) |
Civil conflict Excessive quotation Population decline |
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Maya created the mathematical concept of... |
Zero |
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Maya were excellent... |
Mathematicians |
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Maya created an exceptionally accurate... |
Calendar |
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Maya used _ calendars |
2 |
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Maya has a _ calendar with 365 days and a _ calendar with _ days |
Solar Ceremonial 260 |
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Mayans believed something exceptional would occur whenever the calendars would return to their _ _ at the same time every _ _ |
Starting point 52 years |
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Maya society had a large class of _ who maintained _ _ and knowledge of _ and _ |
Priests Calendar records Astronomy and mathematics |
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Large classes of _ and _ fed the entire society |
Peasants and slaves |
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Mayans created a sophisticated system of _ which was flexible |
Writing |
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Most written works were destroyed by the _ when they arrived. Only _ books survived |
Spanish 4 |
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One of the surviving books was called _-_ and it was the Maya story of _ |
Popo-Vuh Creation |
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Gods created humans out of _ and water and turned it into _ and _ |
Maize Flesh and blood |
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Priests taught that the gods kept the world going and maintained the _ _ in exchange for _ for them by humans |
Agricultural cycle Sacrifices |
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Sacrificial victims were _ _ |
War captives |
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Cause large amounts of _ to flow in honor of the gods |
Blood |
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Also did _-_, cutting and a living themselves to honor the gods |
Self-sacrifice |
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_ _-_ was crucial to Maya rituals because it was associated with _ and agriculture |
Ritual blood-letting Rain |
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_ was a large agricultural village by _ _ |
Teotihuacan 500 BCE |
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Teotihuacan expanded rapidly after _ _ |
200 BCE |
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By _ _, Teotihuacan's 2 most prominent monuments were the _ of the _ and _ |
100 CE Pyramids of the Sun and Moon |
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Pyramid of the Sun was the largest... |
Single structure in Mesoamerica |
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The Pyramid of the Sun occupies nearly as much _ as Khufu in _, but is only _ as tall |
Space Egypt Half |
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At its peak, Teotihuacan was home to _ people from _-_ _ |
200,000 400-600 CE |
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Painting and murals reflect Teotihuacan was a... |
Theocracy |
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_ figured prominently |
Priests |
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About _/_ of the people worked during the day in the _ and returned to their apartments at night |
2/3 Fields |
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City did not have _ _ and there was no sign of _ _ |
Defensive walls Military organization |
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Works rarely depicted... |
Warriors |
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Teotihuacan experienced _ _ from other people around _ _ and began to decline. In _ _, invaders sacked and burned the city |
Military pressure 500 CE 8th Century |
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_ society existed at the same time as Mesoamerican and Andean, but did not have _ _ and developed independently |
Chavin Direct communication |
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Where is the region of the Andean heartland on a modern map? |
Peru and Bolivia |
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_ discouraged communication between Andean and Mesoamerica |
Geography |
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Maize and _ went from Mesoamerica to Andeas and _ and _ went north to Mesoamerica |
Squashes Gold and silver |
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Much of the Andean heartland went under cultivation between _-_ BCE |
2500-2000 |
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Early Andean crops were beans, peanuts, and _ _ |
Sweet potato |
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Most important domesticated animal to the Andeans were _ and _ |
Llamas and alpacas |
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Llamas and alpacas provided _ and _ and were also _ _ |
Meat and wool Pack animals |
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Marine life of the _ supplemented the Andean diet |
Pacific |
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Shorty after _ BCE, the _ cult appeared from _-_ _ |
1000 Chavin 900-800 |
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The Chavin.cult.spread through most of the territory but disappeared by _ _. There is no information to indicate significance |
300 BCE |
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Chavin cult produced _ with features of humans and wild animals |
Deities |
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Earliest Andean states occured in _ in the _ side of the _ |
Valleys West Mountains |
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Earliest Andean state of _ left an artistic legacy through _ |
Mochia Ceramics |
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Mochia was at the valley of the _ river which existed between _-_ CE |
Moche 300-700 |
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Mochia ceramics take the form of paintings of individual's _ |
Heads |
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Migrants entered Australia and New Guinea on _ _, _ |
Water craft Rafts |
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There were _ sea levels, so they did not have to cross large stretches of _ _ |
Low Open ocean |
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About _ years ago, sea ferry people from _ _ visited New Guinea. Some stayed, others went farther into the Pacific |
5000 Southeast Asia |
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Early settlers of Australia did not have knowledge of _ _ or _ _ |
Crop cultivation Domesticating animals |
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Australian settlers went to and from Australia and New Guinea but stopped _ years ago because of rising sea levels |
10,000 |
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Australia continued hunting and gathering while New Guinea turned to agriculture about _ _ |
3000 BCE |
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About _ years ago, a process of social and economic change happened in New Guinea |
5,000 |
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The sea ferring people of Southeast Asia spoke Austronesian languages such as... |
Malayan Indonesian Filipino Polenician |
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Austronesians sailed open ocean with _ equipped with _ which _ the vraft |
Canoes Outriggers Stabilized |
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Austronesian people came from socities that depended on cultivation of _ _ and _ animals |
Root crops Herding |
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Transmitted their cultivation and herding to New Guinea who did the same. Australia learned but did not practice it and remained _-_ |
Hunter-gatherers |
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Australian-speaking people were the first human settlers to inhabit _ |
Madagascar |
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Sailed large, ocean-going canoes with _, joined by a deck on which they carried _ |
Hulles Supplies |
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Once they found _ lands, crops and animals helped them build _ societies |
Uninhabited Agricultural |
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Earliest Austronesians to.sail the Pacific were called the _ people. No one knows... |
Lapita What they called themselves |
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Lapita is the name of a _ where some of their _ were found |
Beach Artifacts |
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Austronesians raised pigs and _, plants yams and _ |
Chickens Bananas |
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Maintained a network of _ and _ across stretches of open ocean |
Trade and communication |
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Austronesians established _ _ on lands they settled and populated _ of Pacific islands |
Hierarchical chiefdoms Hundreds |
