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57 Cards in this Set

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Abbasid

The period of Abbasids was started in 750 A.D after the fall of Ummayads.

administration

The proximity of the new capital toPersia further helped the non-Arab elements to occupy positions of eminence in theadministration of the new caliphate.

treatment of women

Harem: women kept in seclusion,creation of Abbasid court,won their freedom/gain power by bearing healthy sons some women became slaves.Prized for beauty and intelligence.



view of slavery

Slaves served preeminent roles in administration and a variety of public affairs. To avoid having to recruit warriors from tribes, the Abbasids, from the early 800s, regularly employed people of slave origin as soldiers and some as officers.

impact of capture of Baghdad by Seljuk Turk

It restored the ability of the empire to meet the challenges of the Egypt and the byzantine empire

Crusades:


Saladin




Why first crusade a EU success?




Impact on EU




Impact on Islam




-Saladin, was a Muslim military and political leader who as sultan (or leader) led Islamic forces during the Crusades.


-There was an increase in technology, and opened trade to Islam introducing Asian goods.


- Military orders, Territorial expansion,Secular and religious.


-Muslims were believed to be infidels and against God so they were unjustly persecuted.

Trade/connections

The Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean allowed the Muslims to engage in sea trade with the rest of the world. The land networks connected the silk roads of China and India with Europe and Africa. The muslim merchants used a single language which was arabic and a single currency which was Abbasid dinar, to travel in the empire.

Ulama

A body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology.

Sufi mystics

B`elief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God. It consists of a variety of mystical paths that are designed to ascertain the nature of humanity and of God and to facilitate the experience of the presence of divine love and wisdom in the world

Capture of Baghdad 1258

The Mongols invaded Baghdad in the January of 1258. The grandsons of Genghis Khan were responsible for the sacking of Baghdad-the grandsons were Mongke, Hulagu and Kubalay Khan.

Delhi Sultante

Treatment of Hindus and Buddhist ?

Division between Hinduism and Muslims, Temples were stolen and many converted so that they did not have to pay taxes.

Interactions and exchange of ideas, what gets introduced to Islam?

Arabic numbers, the decimal system, chess, mathematics astronomy algebra and geometry.

Capital?

New Delhi

How is conversion possible?

Conversion to Islam offered many financial and social benefits

Who is converting?

Buddhist, Hinduism

How does Islam spread to SE Asia? What are the characteristics of religion?

The first theory is trade. The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders brought Islam to the region. The second theory is the role of missionaries or Sufis.

Africa

Spread of Islam sub-Sahara Africa?(impact on religion)

Islam entered Africa within decades of its inception in the seventh century ce. In North Africa its spread was related to the empire-building process which took Islam to Morocco and Spain in the far west and to India in the east whereas in the rest of Africa its diffusion followed a different path.

Is there a universal political or religious characteristic?

The teachings of Muhammad,The Five Pillars

Explain stateless societies

A stateless society is a society that is not governed by a state, or, especially in common American English, has no government.

Indigenous religion(What are shared ideals/concepts?)

The word indigenous refers to anything that is native to a particular geographical region. This includes people, cultures, languages, or species of plants or animals.

How does Islam accommodate indigenous religion?

As a universalist religion, Islam has confronted indigenous religious systems whose "solutions" to problems of explanation, social structure, and fertility have often appeared more effective to the local community. The relevance and immediacy of masked cults and the figurative art of shrines, which at least in theory Islam rejects, have clearly not diminished under the impact of Muslim practice.

What is impact on African slaves as result of increased trade w/ Islam?

Muslims considered the enslavement of unbelievers as a step toward their conversionAlso, in Islamic law persons born to slave parents were not automatically slaves, as in the American South. This meant that there was a constant demand for slaves because each generation of slaves had to be purchased anew. Moreover, “private ownership of land was not an established institution in Sub-Saharan Africa, a fact that made the possession of slaves an important barometer of personal wealth. As many as ten million African slaves were shipped north as part of the trans-Saharan slave trade between 750 and 1500 C.E.”

Slavery is first step to what

Muslims considered the enslavement of unbelievers as a step toward their conversion

Explain Swahili coast cities, global interactions and African importance

A first century Greek account of the Indian Ocean, The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, mentioned some ports in East Africa but was somewhat vague as to the nature of the local inhabitants; that is, whether they were Africans or immigrants from the Arabian peninsula.

Byzantine Empire

Continuation of Rome

Also referred to New Rome, the Capital is Constantinople. Survived the Fall of western Rome.

Key traits/significance

Christianity was the dominant religion.


The empire flourished due to its Roman Foundation. Eastern Orthodox was more important.

Great Schism

he East–West Schism, between the Eastern Church and the Western Church in 1054. The Western Schism, a split within the Roman Catholic Church that lasted from 1378 to 1417

Capital

Constantinople, named after Constantine

Biggest cause for split of church 1054

the events of 1054 were not recorded by the chroniclers of the time and were quickly forgotten. Negotiations between the pope and the Byzantine emperor continued, especially in the last two decades of the century, as the Byzantines sought aid against the invading Turks. In 1095, to provide such help, Pope Urban II proclaimed the Crusades; certainly there was no schism between the churches at that time. Despite episodes of tension and conflict, Eastern and Western Christians lived and worshiped together.

Russia

Kingdom of Kiev

Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus described trade practices in Kievan Rus at that time. During winter the Kievan princes made circuits among neighbouring tribes to collect tribute, which consisted of furs, money, and slaves. As spring came, they loaded their goods into small boats and moved them down the Dnieper in convoy to discourage attacks by nomadic steppe tribes.

Western Europe

Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery

Vikings from?

The Vikings came from three countries of Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway and Sweden.

Literary world, who reads/writes/creates?

Even though they were a turbulent period, it was during the Middle Ages that important artistic and literary figures, including the eminent Geoffrey Chaucer, emerged.Geoffrey Chaucer, is considered to be the father of English literature.

Manorialism

also called manorial system, seignorialism, or seignorial system, political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord

Serfs

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.

Urban growth after 10th C, where? (place of Renaissance birth)

England Middle Ages


Feudalism

the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

Scholasticism

the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma.

Gothic architecture

architectural style in Europe that lasted from the mid 12th century to the 16th century, particularly a style of masonry building characterized by cavernous spaces with the expanse of walls broken up by overlaid tracery. In the 12th–13th centuries, feats of engineering permitted increasingly gigantic buildings.

Merchant and artisan guilds

an association of craftsmen or merchants formed for mutual aid and protection and for the furtherance of their professional interests. Guilds flourished in Europe between the 11th and 16th centuries and formed an important part of the economic and social fabric in that era.Merchant guilds were associations of all or most of the merchants in a particular town or city; these men might be local or long-distance traders, wholesale or retail sellers, and might deal in various categories of goods.

East Asia

Tang and Song: Urbanization

The foundation of economic development in Tang and Song China was surge in agricultural production.The Sui and Tang armies paved the way for an increase in agricultural productivity when they placed Southern China and Vietnam under control

Civil service examination/Confucian scholars

mperial China was famous for its civil service examination system, which had its beginnings in the Sui dynasty (581-618 CE) but was fully developed during the Qing dynasty. The system continued to play a major role, not only in education and government, but also in society itself, throughout Qing times

Tang attitude toward Buddhism-late in empire

The emperor Wu-tsung, a devout Taoist, attempted to eliminate Buddhism from 843 to 845 C.E. by closing thousands of temples in order to take control of their wealth. Although the attempt to destroy Buddhism lasted only a short time, the religion never recovered, instead beginning a steady decline in China.

Grand canal links south to north, why?

The canal is also used to divert water from the Yangtze to northern Jiangsu province for irrigation, making possible double cropping of rice.

Commercial expansion

Western imperialism in Asia as presented in this article pertains to Western European entry into what was first called the East Indies. This was sparked early in the 15th century by the search for trade routes to China that led directly to the Age of Discovery, and the introduction of early modern warfare into what was then called the Far East.

Foot binding, mobility of women

For families with marriageable daughters, foot size translated into its own form of currency and a means of achieving upward mobility. The most desirable bride possessed a three-inch foot, known as a “golden lotus.”

Technical innovations, creations?

key technologies came from China like the compass and the astrolabe, vital for sea navigation.The most influential technology to come out of China was printing, allowing produce writing quicker than handwriting it.

Collapse of Song, why/who?

Although the Song dynasty was able to defeat further Jurchen invasions, the Mongols led by Genghis Khan, Ögedei Khan, Möngke Khan, and finally Kublai Khan gradually conquered China, until the fall of the final Song Emperor in 1279.

Japan: Rise of Provincial elites, 10th C

reduced peasants to the status of serfs bound to the land they worked

Daimyos

one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun.

Zen Buddhism

a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the value of meditation and intuition\


Siddhārtha Gautama