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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Expansion of Islam and the first Caliphates
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Caliph- ruler of muslim territory
-three caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman) ruled b4 Sunni-Shiite split. -Umayyad Caliphate after. -Made arabic official language of Muslim world. |
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Abbasid Caliphate
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-Abbasid Caliphate made Baghdad capital + presided over golden age.
-Created economic unity. -Most famous of abbasid caliphs = Haroun al-Rashid. -Baghdad was under military threat. - Mongols invaded in 1200s + killed last Abbasid caliph. |
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Spread of Islam to Africa
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-Islam brought to Africa by Arab Traders (trans-Saharan caravan routes)
-Islam also spread to africa because of the Arab slave trade. -in Sub-Saharan Africa, Berbers, desert nomads + warriors, were dedicated converts. |
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Mali
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-Mali = powerful Islamic state in Africa.
-Mali= north-south trade route for centuries. -chief commercial outpost= Timbuktu. -Mansa Musa= most powerful leader of Mali. -one of world's wealthiest monarchs. |
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Mamluks and Seljuks
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-Mamluks= cavalry warriors.
-dedicated Muslims + one of best soldiers in Middle-east. -11th century, seljuk turks moved westward + captured Baghdad. -1071, defeat Byzantine empire. |
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Crusaders and Mongol Assaults
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-Crusades created political confusion in Mid. East.
-Kurdish general Saladin recaptured Jerusalem 1187. -1200s, mongols invade, capture baghdad, destroy Abbasid caliphate. |
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The Ottomans
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-Ottoman turks served Seljuks as vassals, by end of 1200s, had own independent state founded by Osman I.
-Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II captured Jerusalem 1453. |
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Mathematics and Science
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-Under Abbasids, arabic numerals= widespread.
-Avicenna=Persian scientist. -Canon of Medicine (his work) |
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Philosophy
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-Philosophers:some muslim, some jewish.
-Islamic philosophers looked for relationship w/ reason + faith. -Averroës=muslim thinker from spain. -Maimonides=jewish thinker from spain. rabbi. |
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Islam's influence over culture + Islamic Lit.
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-Qur'an forbids worship of graven images.
-islamic art usually features geometric patterns + shapes. -The Arabian Nights= classic islamic literature example. -Rubaiyat (book) of Omar Khayyám. |
