Ap World - Chapter 7

Front 1

al- Mahdi

Back 1

al Mahdi was the third of the abbasid Caliphs who attempted to reconcile moderates among Shi'as to Abbasid dynasty, failed.
tried to resolve problem of succession, failed

Front 2

Seljuk Turks

Back 2

Seljuk turks were nomadic invaders from central asia via persia; staunch Sunnis, they ruled in the name of Abbais caliphs from the mid - 11th century

Front 3

Shah Nama

Back 3

Shah Nama was a book written by Firdawsi in the late 10ths century, it relates the history of persia froom creation to the Islamic conquest

Front 4

al - Ghazali

Back 4

al - ghazali was a brilliant theologian who struggled to fuse greek and quranic traditions, not entirely accepted by Ulama, orthodox religious scholars within islam

Front 5

Demak

Back 5

Demak was the most powerful of the trading states. located on the northcoast of Java, in which there was a lot of conversions to islam and it served as a point of dissemination (spreading out, diffusion) to other ports.

Front 6

Qutb - ud - din - Albak

Back 6

Qutb - ud - din - Albak was a lieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur, Albak established a kingdom in India with it's capital located in Delphi. Albak proclaimed himself sultan of India

Front 7

Shrivijaya

Back 7

Shrivijaya was a trading empire located on the Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra.

Front 8

al - Rashid

Back 8

al - Rashid was the most famous of abbasid caliphs, famous for sumptuous and costly living; dependent on Persian advisors early in reign. His death led to civil wars over succession.

Front 9

crusades

Back 9

series of military adventures initially launched by western christians to free holy land from muslims.

Front 10

Sufis

Back 10

Sufis were the the mystics within islam, of which were responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern asia.

Front 11

mongols

Back 11

mongols were central asian nomadic peoples, destroyed turko-persian kingdoms, captured baghdad in 1258 and killed the last abbasid caliph.

Front 12

Hajjaj

Back 12

ummayad viceroy for eastern proninved who lauched punitive campaigns against the king of Sind in india that resulted in the first islamic conquest in sub-continent.

Front 13

mahmud of Ghazni

Back 13

Mahmud of Ghazni, a Turkish ruler of Afghanistan, initiated the second stage of Muslim conquest in South Asia. In the eleventh century, Mahmud raided the various kingdoms and principalities of northern India. Mahmud's raids were intended to seize the legendary wealth of the Hindu princes and temples, but Muhammad of Ghur was able to subject much of north-central India to his political control.

Front 14

Bhaktic Cults

Back 14

bhaktic cults were groups dedicated to gods and godesses.Bhaktic cults were open to men and women of all castes. New religious ceremonies stressed emotional connections between the worshipers and the deities. The most popular cults were those of Shiva and Vishnu. The creation of bhaktic cults tended to slow conversion of Indians to Islam.

Front 15

Malacca

Back 15

malacca was a portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on the tip of the malayan pensinulan, traditionally a center for trade among the southeastern asian islands

Front 16

buyids

Back 16

regional splinter dynasty of the mid 10th century, which invaded and captured baghdad, ruled abbasid empire under name of sultan, retained abbasid as figureheads.

Front 17

Saladin

Back 17

muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century, reconquered most of the crusader outposts for islam.

Front 18

Ulama

Back 18

orthodox religious scholors within islam
sought conservative and restrictive theology
opposed to non-islamic ideas and scientific thinking

Front 19

Chinggis Khan

Back 19

elected khagan of all mongol tribes in 1206, responsible for conquest in northern kingdoms of china, territories as far west as the abbasid regious.

Front 20

muhammad ibn Qasim

Back 20

arab general
conquered Sind in India.
declared the Sind/Indus valley to be part of Umayyad Empire

Front 21

Muhammad of Ghur

Back 21

military commander of persian extraction who ruled a small mountain kingdom in afghanistan
began process of conquest to establish muslim political control of northern india.
brought much of indus valley, sind and northwestern india under his control

Front 22

Kabir

Back 22

muslim mysic during the 15th cent.
played down the importance of ritual differences between hinduism and islam

Front 23

vishnu

Back 23

god of sacrifice
Brahman, latern hindu