Ap U.s History Chapter 5 Vocab.

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First Continental Congress (1774)

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The purpose of the convention was to determine how the colonies should react to what, from their viewpoint, seemed to pose an alarming threat to their rights and liberties.

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Patrick Henry

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He was part of leading the radical faction from Virginia.

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Samuel Adams

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Another member of leading the radical faction from Massachusetts.

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John Adams

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Another member of leading the radical faction from Massachusetts.

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George Washington

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Moderate leader of the radical faction from Virginia.

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John Dickinson

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Moderate leader of the radical faction from Pennsylvania.

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John Jay

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A conservative delegate of the radical faction from New York.

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Joseph Galloway

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A conservative delegate of the radical faction from Pennsylvania.

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Suffolk Resolves

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This rejected the Intolerable Acts and called for their immediate repeal. The measure urged the various colonies to resist the Intolerable Acts by making military preparations and applying economic sanctions.

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economic sanctions

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Boycotting against Great Britain.

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Declaration of Rights and Grievances

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Was a petition to the king urging him to redress colonial grievances and restore colonial rights.

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Paul Revere

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One of the riders warning of the British march.

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William Dawes

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One of the riders warning of the British march.

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Minutemen

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The militia of Lexington assembled on the village green to face the British.

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Lexington

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A town in East Massachusetts, this was the site of the first battle of the American Revolution fought here in April 19, 1775.

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Concord

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Site where the British destroyed many military supplies. As the British returned to Boston they were attacked by hundreds of militiamen firing at them from behind stone walls. The British suffered 250 casualties.

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Battle of Bunker Hill

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A colonial militia of Massachusetts farmers fortified Breed's Hill, next to Bunker Hill. A British force attacked the colonists' position and managed to take the hill, suffering over a thousand casualties.

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Second Continental Congress (1775)

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Delegates met in Philadelphia in May 1775 soon after the fighting broke out in Massachusetts. It was divided between two groups one from New England who thought the colonies should declare their independence and another from the middle colonies who hoped the conflict could be resolved by negotiating a new relationship with Great Britain.

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Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms

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Congress adopted and called on the colonies to provide troops. Also Congress authorized a force under Benedict Arnold to raid Quebec in order to draw Canada away from the British Empire.

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Olive Branch Petition

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The delegates pledged their loyalty and asked the king to intercede with Parliament to secure peace and the protection of colonial rights.

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Prohibitory Act (1775)

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The king dismissed the Olive Branch Petition and instead issued this which declared the colonies in rebellion. A few months later, Parliament forbade all trade and shipping between England and the colonies.

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Thomas Paine; Common Sense

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A recent English immigrant to the colonies, argued strongly for what until then had been considered a radical idea. In January 1776 Common Sense published by Thomas Paine argued in a clear and forceful language for the colonies becoming independent states and breaking all political ties with the British monarchy.

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Declaration of Independence

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Drafted by Thomas Jefferson which listed specific grievances against George III's government and also expressed the basic principle that justified revolution.

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Thomas Jefferson

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Drafted the Declaration of Independence along with 5 delegates including Richard Henry Lee of Virginia.

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Patriots

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An estimated 40 % of the population joined actively in the struggle against Britain. Most of them were from New England states and Virginia. Most of the soldiers were reluctant to travel outside their own region. Approx. 5,000 African Americans fought as a Patriot.

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Loyalists (Tories)

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A smaller number, 20-30 % sided with the British. Those who maintained their allegiance to the king. Almost 60,000 American Tories fought and died next to British soldiers, supplied them with arms and food, and joined in raiding parties that pillaged Patriot homes and farms.

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Valley Forge

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After losing Philadelphia, Washington's demoralized troops suffered through the severe winter of 1777-1778 camped at Valley Forge in Pennsylvania.

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Continentals

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Paper money issued by Congress became almost worthless.

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George Rogers Clark

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In a campaign through 1778-1779 the Patriot leader captured a series of British forts in the Illinois country to gain control of parts of the vast Ohio territory.

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Battle of Saratoga

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A battle during the American Revolution (1777); the British under Burgoyne were defeated by American generals Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold.

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absolute monarch

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A ruler who governs alone and is not restrained by laws, a constitution, or custom.

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Battle of Yorktown

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In 1781, the last major battle of Revolutionary War was fought near Yorktown, Virginia, on the shores of Chesapeake Bay. Strongly supported by French naval and military forces, Washington's army forced the surrender of a large British army commanded by General Charles Cornwallis.

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Treaty of Paris (1783)

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It provided that Britain would recognize the existence of the U.S as an independent nation. The Mississippi River would be the western boundary of that nation. Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada. Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war.

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Articles of Confederation

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John Dickinson drafted the first constitution for the U.S as a nation. Congress modified Dickinson's plan to protect the powers of the individual states. Was adopted by Congress in 1777 and submitted to the states for ratification.

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unicameral legislature

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Each state was given one vote, with at least nine votes out of the 13 required to pass important laws.

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Land Ordinance of 1785

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Congress established a policy for surveying and selling the western lands. The policy provided for setting aside one section of the land in each township for public education.

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Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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For large territories between the Great Lakes and the Ohio river. This policy set the rules for creating new states. Also it granted limited self-government to the developing territory and prohibited slavery in the region.

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Shays' Rebellion

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In the summer of 1786 he led other farmers in an uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money.

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Mary McCauley (Molly Pitcher)

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A woman who fought in battle for taking her husband's place as she did at Battle of Monmouth.

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Deborah Simpson

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During battle she would pass as a man and serve as a soldier for a year.

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Abigail Adams

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One of the women who remained in a second-class status. Unanswered went pleas went to her husband, John Adams: "I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors."