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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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study of the structure of an organism |
anatomy |
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study of the function of an organism |
physiology
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list the levels of organization from simplest to most complex |
Atom Molecule Cells Tissue Organ Systems |
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smallest living unit of structure and functions |
cell |
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organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function |
tissue |
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group of several different kinds of tissues arranged in away that allows them to act together
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organs
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Examples of organs |
brain liver stomach |
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the body trying to keep a relatively constancy of the internal environment
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homeostasis
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Example of homeostasis |
keeping pH level of blood at 7.35-7.45 |
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oppose, or negate a change in a controlled conditions |
negative feedback mechanism |
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Example of a negative feedback |
high blood pressure |
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body erect, palms facing forward, feet slightly apart, head facing forward
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anatomical position
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Contains the cranial and spinal cavity |
Dorsal cavity |
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cavity that contains the brain |
cranial cavity |
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cavity that contains the spinal cord |
spinal cavity |
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contains the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavity |
ventral cavity |
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cavity that contains the lungs and heart |
thoracic cavity |
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cavity that contains all the abdominal organs |
abdominal cavity |
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cavity that contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs |
pelvic cavity |
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lengthwise plane dividing the body into posterior and anterior portions
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frontal plane
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divides the body into left and right sides
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sagittal plane
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horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
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transverse plane
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means "towards the head" |
superior |
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means "toward the feet" |
inferior |
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means "in front of" |
anterior (ventral) |
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means "in back of"
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posterior (dorsal)
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means "towards the midline of the body" |
medial |
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means "away from its midline" |
lateral |
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means "towards or nearest the trunk of the body or point of origin" |
proximal |
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means "away from or farthest from the trunk of the body or point of origin" |
distal |
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means "near the surface" |
superficial |
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means "farther away from the body surface" |
deep |
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What are the 3 subunits of an atom and their charge? |
Proton- positive Neutron- neutral Electron- negative |
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formed when an atom gains or loses electrons in its outer shell.
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ion
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an ion that loses an electron
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positive ion
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an ion that gains an electron
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negative ion
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What is an atom that donated one or two electrons to become stable? |
Ionic bond |
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What is an atom that shares electrons to becomes stable? |
covalent bond |
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A chemical reaction in which large molecules are formed by removing water |
dehydration synthesis |
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A chemical reaction in which water is added to a larger molecule breaking them apart into smaller molecules |
Hydrolysis |
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what are the functions of water in the body?
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aids in chemical reactions
assist in body composition solvent |
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have more H+ ions, making them below 7 on pH scale
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acids
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have more OH- ions, making them above 7 on the pH scale
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bases
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what is the normal pH range for blood
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7.35-7.45
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what is the purpose of the buffer system?
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they are chemicals in the blood to maintain pH
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what are chemical catalysts
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enzymes |
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What is the master code for assembling proteins? |
DNA |
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What is the working copy for a portion of DNA? |
RNA |
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A polysaccaride made up of a chain of glucose molecules? |
Glycogen |
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What is the definition of a leg? |
area of the lower extremity between the knee and ankle |
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A chemical that speed up reaction without being changed itself |
catalyst |
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What is the precursor to steroids?
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cholesterol
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Glucose is stored as what in the liver? |
Glycogen |
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Where are electron found? |
Orbitals |
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The combine total number of protons and neutrons in the atom |
atomic mass |
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The total number of protons in an atom's nucleus |
atomic number |
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The 4 most abundant elements in the human body |
oxygen hydrogen carbon nitrogen |
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What makes an acid strong? |
It has more H+ ions so it is easier to break apart
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What makes an acid weak? |
It has less H+ ions so it is harder to break apart |
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A simple sugar composed up of a saccharide group |
Monosaccharide |
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Give an example of a monosaccharide |
Glucose Frutose Galactose |
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Type of carbohydrate made up of 2 monosaccharides |
Disaccharide |
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Give an example of a disaccharide |
Sucrose Maltose Lactose |
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A biomolecule made up of many monosaccharide
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polysaccharides
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What are proteins made up of? |
amino acids held together with peptide bonds |
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Protein that has the role of building structure in the body |
Structural protein |
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Protein that has the role of regulating chemical reactions in the body |
Functional protein |
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A lipid that synthesized from fatty acids and glycerol or from excess glucose or amino acids |
triglycerides |
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A phosphate containing fat molecules |
phospholipids |
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Made up of nucleotides with a phosphate unit, a 5 carbon sugar and nitrogen base |
Nucleic acid |
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List the base units on DNA |
Adenine-Thymine Guanine-Cytosine |
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List the base units of RNA |
Adenine-Uracil Guanine-Cytosine |
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Part of a homeostatic feedback loop that detects changes in the physiological variable that is regulated by the feedback loop |
Sensor (thermometer) |
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Part of homeostatic feedback loop that integrates set point information with actual sensed information about a physiological variable and then possibly sends out a signal to an effector to change the variable |
control center (thermostat) |
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Any organ that has an effect on the body's internal environment in response to feedback |
effector (furnace) |
