A&p The Skeletal System

Front 1

List the primary functions of the skeletal system.

Back 1

Support, Leverage, Storage of minerals and lipids, Blood cell Production, Protection

Front 2

What accounts for almost 2/3 of bone weight?

Back 2

Inorganic minerals

Front 3

About 1/3 of bone weight consists of what?

Back 3

Collagen fibers

Front 4

What is a diaphysis?

Back 4

Central shaft of bone

Front 5

What does the nutrient foramen consist of?

Back 5

nutrient artery and vein

Front 6

What is epihysis?

Back 6

Ends of long bone, at either end of diaphysis

Front 7

What is the cartilaginous region betwen epihysis and diaphysis?

Back 7

Epiphyseal plate

Front 8

What is the region of Calcification between diaphysis and epiphyses?

Back 8

metaphysis

Front 9

hyaline cartilage th covers articular surfaces of epiphyses

Back 9

articular cartilage

Front 10

What is the functional and structural unit of compact bone, also known as the Haversian system?

Back 10

osteon

Front 11

The center of osteon, contains blood vessels and nerves that supply bone tissue and runs parallel to bone surface

Back 11

Central canal

Front 12

The ring of bone that forms the solid structure of an osteon

Back 12

concentric lamella

Front 13

Remnant bone layer of older reconstructed osteon

Back 13

interstitial lamella

Front 14

The tiny cavity between lamellae, contains osteocyte in living bone.

Back 14

lacunae

Front 15

tiny canals extending from lacunae, contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes allow for diffusion of nutrients and waste products

Back 15

Canaliculi

Front 16

Contain blood vessels that supply ostens deeper in compact bone, extend perpendicular to bone surface

Back 16

perforating canals

Front 17

What is the perosteum?

Back 17

membrane with 2 layers, a fibrous layer and an osteogenic layer, covers outer surface of bone.

Front 18

marrow cavity

Back 18

contains yellow marrow comprised primarily of adipose tissue

Front 19

enosteum

Back 19

inner membrane comprised of various bone cells, lines marrow cavity

Front 20

Another name for Anterior fontanelle

Back 20

soft spot

Front 21

thin extensions of bone arranged in an irregular lattice like pattern, with osteocyts with in lacunae. Found in flat bones, epiphysis of long bones and along surface of marrow cavity

Back 21

trabeculae

Front 22

fills spaces of spongy bone, contains blood cell producing stem cells red and white and platelets. also contains adipocytes and macrophages

Back 22

red marrow

Front 23

Movement of a bone away from midline

Back 23

Abduction

Front 24

What is the importance of the epihyseal plate?

Back 24

it contributes to the growth in length of a developing long bone.

Front 25

What are cells that occur in the structure?

Back 25

chondrocytes that produce hyaline cartilage

Front 26

What is ossifiction?

Back 26

formation of bone tissue

Front 27

when does ossification take place?

Back 27

Begins atabout the end of the second month of development

Front 28

Which part of a long bone would undergo ossification first?

Back 28

Diaphysis

Front 29

which part of long bone would undergo ossification last?

Back 29

Epiphysis

Front 30

At what age does ossification complete?

Back 30

23-25 yrs old

Front 31

Extension beyond normal anatomical position

Back 31

hyperextension

Front 32

what is a decrease in angle between surfaces of articulating bones?

Back 32

Flexion

Front 33

Wht is an increase in angle between surfaces of ariculating bones?

Back 33

Extension

Front 34

What does yellow marrow primarily consist of?

Back 34

Adipose tissue,

Front 35

Stem cells found in red bone marrow produce what types of blood cells?

Back 35

Red, White and platelets

Front 36

Mature stage of an osteoblast is called what?

Back 36

osteocyte

Front 37

what type of cells are the osteocyte derived from?

Back 37

Osteoblast

Front 38

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Back 38

they produce bone

Front 39

what does an osteoclast do?

Back 39

break down or resorb bone

Front 40

Which cells produce daughter cells that become osteoblasts?

Back 40

Osteoprogenitor cells

Front 41

Where on a bone can compact bone be found?

Back 41

Just inside of the Periosteum

Front 42

Where can spongy bone be found?

Back 42

in flat and irregular shaped bone as well as with in the epiphysis of long bones

Front 43

Homeostasis of bone tissue is dependant upon a delicate balance of activity between which two cells?

Back 43

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Front 44

ossification which is process of bone formation has two methods, what are they?

Back 44

endochondral-bone replaces cartilage. intramembranous- bone forms with in a membrane-like structure

Front 45

what are examples of long bones?

Back 45

femur, humerus

Front 46

The scull is composed of 8 cranial bones.

Back 46

occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and paired parietal and temporal bones

Front 47

What is a fissure?

Back 47

narrow cleft like opening

Front 48

Foramen

Back 48

Opening or hole

Front 49

meatus

Back 49

tube like passageway

Front 50

canal

Back 50

tube like passageway also a meatus

Front 51

paranasal cavity

Back 51

air filled cavity within bone, connected to nasal cavity

Front 52

Groove or sulcus

Back 52

furrow

Front 53

What is a fossa?

Back 53

depression

Front 54

What are three processes that form a joint?

Back 54

Condyle, head, facet

Front 55

Process that tendons, ligaments and connective tissues attach

Back 55

tubercle, trochanter, tuberosity, crest, line, spinous process, epicondyle

Front 56

The complete skeleton is comprised of how many bones?

Back 56

206

Front 57

What is tubercle

Back 57

small rounded process ex on rib and humerus

Front 58

trochanter

Back 58

large blunt projection ex. femur

Front 59

tuberosity

Back 59

large, usually rough process ex. radius humerus

Front 60

crest

Back 60

prominent ridge or border ex. ilium

Front 61

line

Back 61

less prominent ridge ex. fmur

Front 62

spinous process

Back 62

sharp slender process. ex. vertebrae

Front 63

epicondyle

Back 63

prominence above a condyle, ex. humerus, femur

Front 64

Bones are grouped into 2 divisions

Back 64

Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton

Front 65

What bones are in the Axial part of skeleton?

Back 65

bones situated along axis of skeleton, includes skull, backbone, hyoid bone, ribs and breast bone

Front 66

What bones are in Appendicular?

Back 66

upper and lower extremeties, pectoral and pelvic girdles

Front 67

What is a condyle

Back 67

rounded articular prominence

Front 68

Head

Back 68

rounded projection with supportive narrow constriction

Front 69

facet

Back 69

smooth flat surface

Front 70

Examples of flat bones

Back 70

cranial, sternum and occipital

Front 71

Examples of short bones

Back 71

wrist and ankle

Front 72

Irregular bones

Back 72

facial and vertebrae

Front 73

sesamoid

Back 73

patella

Front 74

sutural or wormian

Back 74

between cranial bones

Front 75

what is adduction?

Back 75

movement of a bone toward the midline

Front 76

rotation

Back 76

movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis

Front 77

circumduction

Back 77

distal end of bone moves in circle while proximal end remains in place

Front 78

inversion

Back 78

movement of sold of foot medially

Front 79

eversion

Back 79

movement of sole of foot laterally

Front 80

How many pairs of ribs normally occur?

Back 80

12

Front 81

What are the five vertebral regions?

Back 81

cervical,C1-C7 Thoracic, T1-T12
lumbar, L1-L5, Sacral consists of the five vertebrae, The Coccyx consists of 3-5 typically, four coccygeal vertebrae

Front 82

What is the Vomer?

Back 82

forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

Front 83

What structures attach bone to bone?

Back 83

Ligaments

Front 84

Which structures attach muscle to muscle?

Back 84

Tendons

Front 85

Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Back 85

scapula and clavicle

Front 86

which bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Back 86

two coxal bones and sacrum

Front 87

during development which 3 bones fuse to frm a coxal bone?

Back 87

pubic, ischium and ilium

Front 88

Which cranial bones have paranasal sinuses?

Back 88

maxillary, frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones

Front 89

The hyoid bone is associated with what part of the axial skeleton?

Back 89

skull

Front 90

With which bone does the occipital bone articulate?

Back 90

Atlas