A & P Ch. 7 - The Skeletal System

Front 1

Skeleton

Back 1

206 bones organized into structural framework

Front 2

Axial skeleton

Back 2

bones of the body's central axis
skull, vertebral column, rib cage
80 bones

Front 3

Appendicular skeleton

Back 3

bones of upper and lower appendages and bones attaching them to the axial skeleton

Front 4

Skull

Back 4

Major regions: cranium and facial region

Front 5

Cranium

Back 5

8 bones are flat and tightly fused to each other
Roof = frontal bone, parietal bones and occipital bones

Front 6

Facial bones

Back 6

support several of the sensory organs of the head including eyes, ears, and nose

Front 7

Sutures

Back 7

immovable, jagged joints of cranium

Front 8

Frontal bone

Back 8

forehead and anterior roof of cranium

Front 9

Parietal bones (2)

Back 9

form posterior roof of cranium, and are arched flattened bones joined at their midline

Front 10

Occipital bones

Back 10

form the posterior cranial floor

Front 11

suborbital foramen

Back 11

opening through which nerves and blood vessels pass to the forehead.
Site of frontal sinus

Front 12

Frontal sinus

Back 12

where air circulates and is "conditioned"

Front 13

Foramen magnum

Back 13

large hole in occipital bone through which the brain continues to the spinal cord.

Front 14

Occipital condyles

Back 14

two rounded projections where the base of the skull meets the top of the vertebral column

Front 15

Temporal bones (2)

Back 15

Lateral walls of cranium
form part of internal floor of cranium

Front 16

External auditory meatus

Back 16

Opening in the temporal bone
brings sound waves into skull to inner ear

Front 17

Mastoid process

Back 17

below each ear opening,
point of attachment for many muscles of the neck

Front 18

styloid process

Back 18

pointed
lies below external auditory meatus
where pharyngeal and tongue muscles attach

Front 19

Mandibular fossa

Back 19

depression wherer the temperalo bone articulates with a process of the mandible

Front 20

Zygomatic process

Back 20

Projection of the temporal bone that helps form the cheekbone

Front 21

Sphenoid bone

Back 21

butterfly shape
forms hte anterior internal floor of the cranium

Front 22

Sella turcica

Back 22

Where pituitary gland lies
saddle shaped depression in the sphenoid bone

Front 23

Orbital fissure

Back 23

slit in the top of sella turcica
blood vessels and nerves pass through this slit

Front 24

ethmoid bone

Back 24

small cranial bone
separates nasal cavity from remainder of craniumolfactory nerve fibers pass from nose to brain through the ethmoid process

Front 25

Cribriform plates

Back 25

two thin horizontal plates of bone called the cribriform plates

Front 26

Crista galli

Back 26

Triangular process -
projects upward between the cribiform plates

Front 27

Fontanels

Back 27

soft membranes on skulls of newborn before skull bones have fused together

Front 28

Fissure

Back 28

slit between tow bones through which nerves or blood vessels pass

Front 29

Foramen

Back 29

hole within a bone through which nerves or blood vessels pass

Front 30

Meatus

Back 30

Tubelike passageway within a bone

Front 31

Sinus

Back 31

Cavity within a bone
(opening)

Front 32

Fossa

Back 32

simple depression or hollowing in or on a bone

Front 33

Sulcus

Back 33

groove that may contain a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

Front 34

Condyle

Back 34

Large convex protrusion at the end of a bone

Front 35

Head

Back 35

Round protrusion separated from the rest of a bone by a neck

Front 36

Facet

Back 36

Flat, smooth surface

Front 37

Crest

Back 37

Prominent ridge on a bone (iliac)

Front 38

Epicondyle

Back 38

Second protrusion above a condyle

Front 39

Line

Back 39

less prominent ridge on a bone

Front 40

Tubercle

Back 40

Small round protrusion

Front 41

Tuberosity

Back 41

Large, round and usually roughened protrusion
(ischial tuberosity of coaxal bone)

Front 42

Trochanter

Back 42

Large protrusion (greater trochanter of femur)

Front 43

Face

Back 43

Made up of 14 bones
Provide attachment for chewing muscles and support other facial muscles

Front 44

Nasal bones

Back 44

2 bones fused at midline - form the bridge of the nose

Front 45

Vomer bone (nasal septum)

Back 45

divides nasal cavity into left and right

Front 46

Inferior nasal conchae

Back 46

plates that form side of nasal cavity

Front 47

Zygomatic bones

Back 47

2 bones below eye sockets - support face, form part of cheekbones

Front 48

Temporal process

Back 48

projects to join zygomatic process at zygomatic arch

Front 49

Zygomatic arch

Back 49

where cheekbone is formed

Front 50

Lacrimal bones

Back 50

near the medial corners of the eye
Grooves in the bones permit tears to drain from the eye into the nasal cavity

Front 51

Maxillae

Back 51

2 bones that form upper jaw
Fuse at midline
contain maxillary sinuses

Front 52

Palatine bones

Back 52

forms floor of nasal cavity and lateral walls of nasal cavity

Front 53

Mandible

Back 53

lower jaw
horseshoe shabed bone with hingelike joint

Front 54

Mandibular condyle

Back 54

at eah end of mandible, projection extends upward
articulates with mandibular fossa

Front 55

Mandibular fossa

Back 55

one of the temporal bones

Front 56

Coronoid process

Back 56

Attachment site for muscles of mastication (chewing)

Front 57

Vertebral column

Back 57

Backbone, spine
Contains 26 vertebrae
7 cervical
12 thoratic
5 lumbar
1 sacrum
1 coccyx

Front 58

sacrum

Back 58

formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae

Front 59

Coccyx

Back 59

formed by the fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae

Front 60

Intervertebral disks

Back 60

Disks of fibrous cartilage with soft inner core
absorb shocks and permit flexibility

Front 61

Herniated disk

Back 61

Disks bulge out of shape
protrusion of the disk presses on the spinal cord or a nerve bringing pain and numbness

Front 62

Scoliosis

Back 62

Abnormal sideways spinal curve

Front 63

Kyphosis

Back 63

Exaggerated thoracic curve
hunchback

Front 64

Lordosis

Back 64

exaggerated curve of lumbar area
swayback

Front 65

Body of vertebra

Back 65

weight-bearing cylinder of bone between the disks

Front 66

Vertebral arch

Back 66

extends behind the body to enclose and protect the spinal cord as it passes through the opening to the arch

Front 67

Vertebral foramen

Back 67

opening that spinal cord passes through

Front 68

Spinous processes

Back 68

near midline - sites of attachment

Front 69

Transverse processes

Back 69

on either side of midline

Front 70

Articular processes of vertebrae (superior and inferior)

Back 70

Sites of attachment for back muscles and ligaments

Front 71

Pedicles

Back 71

2 short bony cylinders that project from the vertebral body toward the posterior and form the sides of the vertebral arch

Front 72

Intervertebral foramina

Back 72

Openings in pedicles
Nerves from spinal cord pass through as they extend to body tissues

Front 73

Atlas

Back 73

Cervical vertebra that balances and supports the head

Front 74

Facets

Back 74

two processes of atlas that articulate with occipital condyles

Front 75

odontoid process (dens)

Back 75

of axis - projects upward into ring of the atlas
Joint where head rotates

Front 76

Thoracic cage

Back 76

formed by sternum plus ribs

Front 77

Manubrium

Back 77

upper shield like portion of sternum

Front 78

body of sternum

Back 78

central portion shaped like a dagger
attached to most ribs

Front 79

Xiphoid process

Back 79

forms lowermost part of sternum (point)

Front 80

Ribs

Back 80

12 pair

Front 81

True ribs

Back 81

first 7 pairs of ribs
attach to sternum by strips of cartilage called hyaline costal cartilages

Front 82

Hyaline costal cartilages

Back 82

strips of cartilage that connect first 7 pairs of ribs to sternum

(ribs 8-10 have costal cartilages by merge with the 7the rib

Front 83

Facets

Back 83

flat sides of ribs

Front 84

False ribs

Back 84

5 pairs of ribs not directly attached to sternum

Front 85

Floating ribs

Back 85

Ribs 11 and 12
do not attach to sternum at all

Front 86

Girdle

Back 86

Appendages and bones connecting appendages to the axial skeleton

Front 87

pectoral girdle

Back 87

connects arm bones to the rib cage

Front 88

pelvic girdle

Back 88

connects leg bones to the sacrum

Front 89

scapula

Back 89

large triangular bone connected to axial skeleton by muscles and ligaments
posterior surface contains bony portion called spine

Front 90

spine of scapula

Back 90

bony suface on posterior of scapula
leads to acromion process and coracoid process

Front 91

Acromion process

Back 91

forms tip of shoulder

Front 92

Glenoid fossa

Back 92

socket on narrow end of scapula to receive upper arm bone

Front 93

Clavicle

Back 93

rod shaped bone that braces scapula against the top of the sternum

Front 94

Humerus

Back 94

upper arm bone -
rounded head at upper end

Front 95

Greater tubercle and
Lesser tubercle

Back 95

round protrusions below the head of the humerus
Provide sites for muscles to attach

Front 96

Intertubercular groove

Back 96

furrow lying between the greater and lesser tubercles

Front 97

Deltoid tuberocsity

Back 97

near center of humerus
v shaped area where deltoid muscle attaches

Front 98

Condyles

Back 98

2 at lower end of humerus, where lower arm bones, the ulma and radius articulate

Front 99

Epicondyles

Back 99

above condyles for muscle attachments

Front 100

Coronoid fossa

Back 100

depression between the epicondyles that receives the coronoid process of the ulna

Front 101

Olecranon fossa

Back 101

Receives the olecranon process of the ulna

Front 102

Radius

Back 102

lateral bone of forearm
thumb side
articulates with the humerus at the head of the radius

Front 103

UlnaRadial tuberosity

Back 103

medial bone of the forearm
(little finger side)
articulates with humerus at coronoid process and olecranon procss - process on the radius
used for muscle attachments

Front 104

Styloid process

Back 104

at distal ends of the radius
receives ligaments from the wrist

Front 105

Carpals

Back 105

8 carpal bones in 2 rows of 4 each
Pisiform, lunate, triangular, hamate, capitate, scaphoid, trapezoid, trapezium
small size allows flexibility in wrist

Front 106

Metacarpals

Back 106

5 bones in the fleshy portion of the hand
connects to carpals

Front 107

Phalanges (phalanx)

Back 107

Finger bones
Thumb has 2
Fingers have 3

Front 108

os coxae (pelvic bones)

Back 108

connected to sacrum by fibrous connective tissue
Formed by fusion of 3 bones:
ilium, ischium, nad pubis

Front 109

Iliac crest

Back 109

The edge of the area we sit on

Front 110

Sacroiliac joint

Back 110

Where ilium joins the sacrum

Front 111

Ischial tuberosity

Back 111

Where ligaments and leg muscles attach

Front 112

Ischial spine

Back 112

sharp projection lies above the tuberosity

Front 113

acetabulum

Back 113

Cuplike socket where the head of the femur articulates

Front 114

Pubic symphysis

Back 114

midline joint where left and right pubic bones fuse
flexible to allow passage of fetus

Front 115

Obturator foramen

Back 115

Large opening between bodies of pubis and ischium
exists for passage of nerves and blood vessels to the lower leg
Skeleton's largest foramen

Front 116

Femur

Back 116

Upper leg bone
joins pelvic girdle at acetabulum
Head, neck, greater and lesser trochanter

Front 117

Greater and lesser trochanter

Back 117

two large protrusions on femur

Front 118

Lateral and medial condyle

Back 118

2 rounded projections at lower end of femur
Articulate with condyles of tibia

Front 119

Patella

Back 119

kneecap, where femur meets lower leg bones

Front 120

Tibia

Back 120

larger lower leg bone
on inside
has lateral and medial condyle

Front 121

Tibial tuberosity

Back 121

on front (anterior) side of tibia, attachment for patellar ligament

Front 122

Medial malleolus

Back 122

prominence on ankle, site for ligament attachment

Front 123

Malleolar sulcus

Back 123

Groove where blood vessels pass

Front 124

Fibula

Back 124

thin bone extending down the lateral portion of leg

Front 125

Lateral malleous

Back 125

lower end of leg where ligaments attach

Front 126

Tarsals

Back 126

7 - form ankle
Talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, laterial cuneiform, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform

Front 127

Metatarsals

Back 127

forms instep

Front 128

Phalanges

Back 128

Toes

Front 129

The bones of the upper and lower appendages comprise the

Back 129

Appendicular skeleton

Front 130

The movement of bones is controlled by the body's

Back 130

skeletal muscles

Front 131

The number of bones in the axial skeleton is

Back 131

80

Front 132

The number of bones in the cranium is

Back 132

8

Front 133

The cranial bones are fused together at immovable joints known as

Back 133

sutures

Front 134

The forehead and anterior roof of the cranium is formed by the

Back 134

frontal bone

Front 135

The posterior cranial floor is formed by

Back 135

occipital bone

Front 136

The occipital bone contains a large hole for passage of the spinal cord known as

Back 136

foramen magnum

Front 137

The bones that form the side walls of the cranium are

Back 137

temporal bones

Front 138

The mastoid process is the rounded process of the

Back 138

temporal bone

Front 139

The projection of the temporal bone that helps form the cheekbone is

Back 139

zygomatic process

Front 140

The cranial bone that has the shape of a butterfly and forms the anterior internal floor of the cranium is the

Back 140

sphenoid bone

Front 141

The two thin perforated horizontal plates of bone in the ethmoid bone form the

Back 141

cribriform plate

Front 142

The pituitary gland lies in a saddle-shaped depression ofthe sphenoid bone known as the

Back 142

sella turcica

Front 143

Membranous areas in the skullbone of a newborn are known as

Back 143

Fontanels

Front 144

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right chambers by a verticle partition known as

Back 144

Vomer bone

Front 145

Each zygomatic bone has a projection that helps form the cheekbone and is known as the

Back 145

Temporal process

Front 146

The smallest facial bones are the

Back 146

lacrimal bones

Front 147

The upper jaw is formed by two bones called

Back 147

maxillae

Front 148

The lower jaw bone is shaped as a horseshoe and is called the

Back 148

mandible

Front 149

The vertebral column is composed of 26 bones known as

Back 149

vertebrae

Front 150

The five sacral vertebrae fuse to one another to form the

Back 150

sacrum

Front 151

The vertebrae of the neck are known as

Back 151

cervical vertebrae

Front 152

The unfused vertebrae of the vertebral column are separated from one another by

Back 152

intervertebral disks

Front 153

An abnormal sideways curve of the spinal column is known as

Back 153

scoliosis

Front 154

The weight-bearing cylinder of the vertebral bone that is found between the disks is the

Back 154

body

Front 155

The spinal cord extends through the vertebral column by passing through openings in the vertebrae known as

Back 155

vertebral foramena

Front 156

The first vertebrae of the vertebral column is called the

Back 156

atlas

Front 157

The process of the axis that projects upward into the ring of the first vertebrae is the

Back 157

odontoid process

Front 158

The three recognizable parts of the sternum are the manubrium, the body, and the

Back 158

xiphoid process

Front 159

The true ribs are attached directly to the sternum by the

Back 159

hyaline costal cartilages

Front 160

The last two pairs of ribs do not attach to the sternum and are known as

Back 160

floating ribs

Front 161

The arms are connected to the rib cage by connecting bones organized as the

Back 161

pectoral girdle

Front 162

The acromion and coracoid processes are both parts of a bone called the

Back 162

scapula

Front 163

The anterior rod-shaped bones that helps connect the arm bones to the axial skeleton is the

Back 163

clavicle

Front 164

The socket found in teh scapula where the humerus articulates is called the

Back 164

glenoid fossa

Front 165

The area in the center of the humerus where the deltoid muscle attaches is called the

Back 165

deltoid tuberosity

Front 166

The coronoid fossa is a depression located between the epicondyles of the

Back 166

humerus

Front 167

The olcranon process is a feature of the

Back 167

ulna

Front 168

The hamate, capitate and trapezoid are different kinds of

Back 168

carpals

Front 169

The phalanges of the hand are the bones found in the

Back 169

fingers

Front 170

The three bones of the pelvis are the ilium, ischium, and the

Back 170

pubis

Front 171

Where the ilium joins the sacrum, the joint is known as the

Back 171

sacroiliac joint

Front 172

The largest and strongest bone of the human body is the

Back 172

femur

Front 173

The large opening in the pelvic bone is referred to as the

Back 173

obturator foramen

Front 174

The proper name for the kneecap bone is the

Back 174

patella

Front 175

The thin leg bone extenfding down the lateral portion of the leg is the

Back 175

fibula

Front 176

The larger leg bone found on the medial side of the lower leg is the

Back 176

tibia

Front 177

The ankle of the lower leg is fromed by a series of tarsals that number

Back 177

seven

Front 178

The toe bones are known as

Back 178

phalanges

Front 179

The appendicular skeleton is composed of bones of the

Back 179

upper and lower appendages

Front 180

The cranium is composed of a series of bones

Back 180

fused together at sutures

Front 181

All the following are cranial bones except the

Back 181

ethmoid bone

Front 182

Both the foramen magnum and the obturator foramen are

Back 182

large holes in bones

Front 183

The cheekbone is formed by the processes of the

Back 183

zygomatic and temporal bones

Front 184

The saddle shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that contains the pituitary gland is the

Back 184

sella turcica

Front 185

Both the crista galli and cribiform plates are found in the

Back 185

ethmoid bone

Front 186

Both the maxillae and the palatine bones help to form the

Back 186

hard palate

Front 187

Scholiosis and kyphosis are conditions that result from

Back 187

imporper curvature of the spine

Front 188

The coccyx and the sacrum are names of

Back 188

vertebrae

Front 189

The atlas and axis are the names of

Back 189

the first two vertebrae

Front 190

The manubrium is the

Back 190

upper bone of the sternum

Front 191

The scapula is the bone of the pectoral girdle that contains the

Back 191

acromion process and coracoid process

Front 192

The glenoid fossa and acetabulum are both

Back 192

sockets where large bones articulate

Front 193

The clavicle is a rod-shaped bone of the

Back 193

pectoral girdle

Front 194

The deltoid muscle attaches to the humerus at the

Back 194

deltoid tuberosity

Front 195

All the fingers have three phalanges except the

Back 195

thumb, which has 2

Front 196

The area of the pelvis on which we sit is formed by

Back 196

two ischia

Front 197

The thin bone extending down the distal lateral portion of the leg

Back 197

is the fibula

Front 198

The instep of the foot is formed by

Back 198

five metatarsels

Front 199

The external auditory meatus is an opening in the temporal bone that leads to the inner part of the

Back 199

ear

Front 200

Many neck muscles attach to the temporal bones by means of the

Back 200

mastoid process

Front 201

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right chambers by a vertical partition called the

Back 201

vomer bone

Front 202

The triangular posterior bone of the pectoral girdle is called the

Back 202

scapula

Front 203

The socket in the pectoral girdle that receives the upper arm bone is the

Back 203

glenoid fossa

Front 204

The odontoid process of the ________ projects upward into the ring formed by the first vertebrae.

Back 204

axis