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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cartilage?
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Shiny connective tissue which is lubricated by synovial fluid. This provides a slippery surface over which the surface of the bones may move freely.
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What are tendons?
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Specialized tough cords or bands of dense white connective tissue that are continuous with the periosteum of the bone.
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What are ligaments?
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Tough white bands of tissue that bind bones together.
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What is the periosteum?
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The double layer membrane which covers all bones except for the articular surfaces.
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What is a sprain?
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Occurs when the bone ends partially or temporarily dislocate and supporting ligaments are partially stretched or torn.
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What is a strain?
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A muscle pull, occurs when a muscle is stretched or torn.No ligament or joint damage occurs with a strain.
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What are bones made up of?
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Collagen and minerals containing calcium and phosphate. The collagen provides felxible strength to the mineral bone structure.
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How do bones change over time?
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Bones are remodeled during life to meet different demands. Increased activity causes bones to thicken and decreased activity causes decreased bone thickness.
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How is bone formed during fetal development?
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The skeleton is formed from hyaline cartilage.
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What do osteoblasts do?
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Produce bone tissue. They create osteocyte's (bone cells)
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What do osteoclasts do?
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Dissolve bone tissue.
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How are bones classified?
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According to their shape.
Long bones - Femur, tib/fib or humerous Short bones - carpels Flat bones - skull bones, ribs, scapulae |
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What are the parts of the long bone?
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Diaphysis - shaft
Epiphyses - ends Epiphyseal plate - growth plate or site of bone elongation Periosteum - double membrane layer of connective tissue Endosteum - lines the inner surfaces Marrow cavity - contains bone marrow |
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What are the two types of marrow?
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Yellow marrow and Red marrow. Yellow marrow is mostly in the extremities and contains adiapose tissue. Red marrow is in the axial skeleton and is where most red blood cells are formed.
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What are the two ways in which bone is grown?
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Appositional growth- formation of new bone on the surface of a bone.
Endochondral growth- growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate and its eventual replacement with bone. |
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What are the two major parts to the skeletal system?
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Axial - Skull, spine and ribcage
Appendicular - The girdles and the extremities |
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What are the joints of the skull called?
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Sutures - Sagittal suture, Coronal suture, lambdoid suture.
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What links the sutures?
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Fontanelles, fibrous tissue which soften and expand during childbirth and close over usually by two years.
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How many vertebra are there in the spine?
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7 cervical
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 Sacrum (fused) 4 Coccynx (fused) |
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How many bones in the spine?
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7 cervical
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coxyc |
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What is the first vertebrae called?
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The atlas, joins with the skull at the atlanto-occipital joint.
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What is the shoulder girdle and what does it consist of?
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Joins the arm to the axial skeleton. Consists of the scapula and the clavicle.
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What are bursa?
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Fluid filled bodies which protect the joints.
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What is the pelvic girdle?
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Joins the lower extremity to the body. It is the ilium, ishium, pubis and the sacrum.
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What is the function of the skeleton?
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=Gives the body structural form
=Protects vital organs =Allows for efficient movement =Stores salts and other materials for metabolism =Produces red blood cells |
