Ap Psychology Exam Unit 6

Front 1

Classical Conditioning

Back 1

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

Front 2

Unconditioned Response

Back 2

In classical conditioning, the unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth

Front 3

Unconditioned Stimulus

Back 3

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a response

Front 4

Conditioned Response

Back 4

In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)

Front 5

Conditioned Stimulus

Back 5

In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response

Front 6

Extinction

Back 6

The diminishing of a conditioned response

Front 7

Spontaneous Recovery

Back 7

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Front 8

Generalization

Back 8

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for a stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Front 9

Discrimination

Back 9

In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Front 10

Taste Aversion

Back 10

Becoming violently ill after eating a specific food, will probably result in having a hard time eating the food again

Front 11

Operant Conditioning

Back 11

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Front 12

Law Of Effect

Back 12

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Front 13

Shaping

Back 13

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Front 14

Reinforcement

Back 14

In operant conditioning, any even that strengthens the behavior it follows

Front 15

Modeling

Back 15

The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Front 16

Mirror Neurons

Back 16

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation and empathy

Front 17

Observational Learning

Back 17

Learning by observing others aka social learning

Front 18

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

Back 18

Reinforcement comes after a set number of behaviors
Example: Credit Card

Front 19

Fixed-Interval Schedule

Back 19

Reinforcement comes after a set time has passed
Example: Allowance every week

Front 20

Variable-Ratio Schedule

Back 20

Reinforcement comes and the number of remarks vary after a set number of behaviors
Example: Slot machine

Front 21

Variable-Interval Schedule

Back 21

Reinforcement comes after various amounts of time
Example: Pop Quiz

Front 22

B.F. Skinner

Back 22

Elaborated on Thorndike's Law of Effect and developed the operant chamber aka skinner box

Front 23

Edward Thorndike

Back 23

Says that behaviors followed by rewards are strengthened and behaviors followed by punishments are weakened

Front 24

Ivan Pavlov

Back 24

Believed classical conditioning is one way ALL organisms learn to adapt to their environment and showed that learning can be studied objectively (measured-saliva tube with dogs)