Ap Psychology Chapter One People

Front 1

B.F. Skinner

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Popularized concept of reinforcement and process of "operant conditioning". Documented the principle that "organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes, and they tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes."

Front 2

Sigmund Freud

Back 2

Austrian physician who focused on disturbances of the mind and developed theory of personality and first systematic method of psychotherapy (psychoanalysis). Made theories concerning the unconscious and psychoanalytic theory.

Front 3

William James

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American philosopher/psychologist who wrote the first comprehensive psychology textbook in 1890. Advocated the prospect of functionalism. Wrote "Principles of Psychology" in 1890.

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Jean Piaget

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Studied intellectual growth in children.

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G. Stanley Hall

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Founded first psychological lab in US at John Hopkins University in 1883 and American Psychological Association (APA) in 1892.

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Willhelm Wundt

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Founded first psychology university in 1879 at the University of Leipzig in Germany. Was assistant to Helmholtz and wrote the first textbook. Mounted a campaign to make psychology an independent discipline rather than a stepchild of philosophy or physiology. Considered founder of psychology in 1879.

Front 7

Carl Rogers

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American psychotherapist who was a supporter of humanistic psychology. Argued that human behavior is governed primarily by an individuals sense of self or "self-concept" which animals presumably lack.

Front 8

John B. Watson

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Redefined psychology as the "science of observable behavior" (behaviorism), emphasizing similarities between human and animal learning, especially in learning.

Front 9

Ivan Pavlov

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Russian psychologist who helped the emergence of behaviorism by discovering that dogs could be trained to salivate in response to an auditory stimulus such as a tone. This provided insight into how stimulus-response bonds are formed.

Front 10

E.L. Thorndike

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Used methods outside introspection and studied cats and rats.

Front 11

Abraham Maslow

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Supporter of humanism. Emphasized the unique qualities of human behavior and humans' freedom and potential for growth along with Carl Rogers.

Front 12

Roger Sperry

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Nobel Peace Prize winner who showed that the left and right halves of the brain are made to perform different types of mental tasks.

Front 13

Carl Jung

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Follower of Freud. Contributor of the psychoanalytic phase where he studied the unconscious determinants of human behavior.

Front 14

Alfred Adler

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Follower of Freud. Contributor of the psychoanalytic phase where he studied the unconscious determinants of human behavior.

Front 15

Noam Chosky

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American Linguist. With Piaget, he began to recapture interest in mental processes and was defined as the "science of behavior and mental processes".

Front 16

David Buss

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Contributor of the studies of the evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals.