Psychology Chapter One Vocabulary

Front 1

Psychology

Back 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Front 2

Objective Introspection

Back 2

The process of examining and measuring ones own thoughts and mental activities.

Front 3

Structuralism

Back 3

Early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Windy and Edward Titchner.

Front 4

Functionalism

Back 4

Early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of the study is how the mind allows people to adapt, work, and play.

Front 5

Gestalt Psychology

Back 5

Early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole figures.

Front 6

Psychoanalysis

Back 6

The theory and therapy based on the work of sigmund freud

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Behaviorism

Back 7

The science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only.

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Hypothesis

Back 8

Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations.

Front 9

Replicate

Back 9

In research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results.

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Observer Effect

Back 10

Tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed.

Front 11

Participant observation

Back 11

A naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed.

Front 12

Observer Bias

Back 12

Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.

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Case Study

Back 13

Study of one individual in detail

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Representative Sample

Back 14

Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects.

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Population

Back 15

The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested.

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Correlation

Back 16

A measure of the relationship between two variables.

Front 17

Correlation Coefficient

Back 17

A number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation.

Front 18

Experiment

Back 18

A deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships.

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Operational Definition

Back 19

Definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured.

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Random assignment

Back 20

Process of assigning subjects to the experimental and control groups randomly, so that each subject has a chance to be in either group.

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Placebo effect

Back 21

The phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior.

Front 22

Experimenter Effect

Back 22

Tendency of the experimenters expectations for a study to unintentionally influence the results of the study.

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Single-blind Study

Back 23

Study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or control group.

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Double-blind Study

Back 24

Study in which neither the experimenters nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the experimental or control group.

Front 25

Critical thinking

Back 25

Making reasoned judgements about claims.