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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Flashbulb memory
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A clear memory of an emotionally significant event.
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Encoding
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The processing of information into the memory system.
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Storage
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The retention of encoded information over time.
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Retrieval
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The process of getting information out of memory storage
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Sensory memory
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The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.
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Short term memory
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Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten.
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Long term memory
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Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.Holds knowledge, skills, and experiences.
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Working memory
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a newer understanding if short term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.
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Automatic processing
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unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space, time, and well-learned information, such as word meanings.
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Effortful processing
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encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
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Rehearsal
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the conscious repetition of information to encode into long term memory storage or maintain it in conscious.
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Spacing effect
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The tendency to distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention.
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Serial position effect
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our tendency to recall best the last and the first items in a list.
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Semantic encoding
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the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words.
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Imagery
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Mental pictures, a solid aid to effortful processing and semantic encoding.
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Mnemonics
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memory aids, techniques that use vivid imagery or organizational devices.
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Chunking
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organizing items into familiar, manageable units. Often occurs unconsciously.
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Iconic memory
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a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli.
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Echonic memory
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a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.
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Long term potentiation
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an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
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Amnesia
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a loss of memory.
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Implicit memory
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retention independent of conscious recollection. (procedural memory)
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Explicit memory
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memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare. (declarative memory)
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Hippocampus
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a neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage.
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Recall
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a measure of memory in which the person must receive information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.
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Recognition
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a measure of memory in which the person must needs to only identity items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test.
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Relearning
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a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time.
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Priming
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the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.
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Deja vu
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cues from the current situation that may trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
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Mood-congruent memory
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the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood.
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Proactive interference
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the disruptive effect prior learning on the recall of new information.
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Retroactive intereference
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the disruptive effect prior learning on the recall of old information.
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Repression
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the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.
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Misinformation effect
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incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.
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Source amnesia
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attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about. or imagined.
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