A&p Module 2 Terms

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Active transport

Back 1

Moving a substance across the membrane against its concentration gradient. Requires energy

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Anabolism

Back 2

Process of formation of complex molecules from simple molecules

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Anticodon

Back 3

Three nucleotide bases on a transfer RNA molecule that base pair with a complementary codon on messenger RNA

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Anaerobic

Back 4

Process that does not require oxygen

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Catabolism

Back 5

Process of breakdown of complex molecules into simple molecules

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Centriole

Back 6

Cell organelle that participates in separation of chromosome pairs during cell division

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Centromere

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Constriction of a chromosome that is the point of attachment of the spindle fiber

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Chromatin

Back 8

Genetic material of the nucleus in a non dividing cell

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Chromosome

Back 9

A single long molecule of DNA and associated proteins

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Codon

Back 10

Group of 3 nucleotide bases in a messenger RNA molecule

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Desmosome

Back 11

Type of intracellular junction that holds cells together, like velcro

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Diffusion

Back 12

Random movement of molecules or particles down their concentration gradient, does not require ATP

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Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 13

Organelle composed of network of connected membranes. It is involved in synthesis, transport, storage of macromolecules, and detoxification of drugs. The 2 forms are smooth ER and rough ER

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Facilitated transport

Back 14

Passive transport process using carrier proteins or channel proteins to move across the plasma membrane

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Glycocalyx

Back 15

Filamentous coating on the apical surface of certain types of cells

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Golgi apparatus

Back 16

Series of saclike membranes that act as a center to package, sort, and modify molecules arriving from the ER in a transport vesicle

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Hypertonic solution

Back 17

Solution with lower water concentration and higher solute concentration than that of the cytosol

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Hypotonic solution

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Solution with lower solute concentration and higher water concentration than that of the cytosol

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Isotonic solution

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Solution that contains the same relative solute and water concentration as the cytosol

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Lysosome

Back 20

Organelle containing digestive enzymes

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Metabolism

Back 21

All chemical reactions taking place in the body

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Microvillus

Back 22

Microscopic extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area of secretion or absorption

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Mitichondrion

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Organelle associated with the production of ATP

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Mitosis

Back 24

Prices of somatic cell division

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Nucleolus

Back 25

Spherical dark body within nucleus where subunits of ribosomes are made

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Nucleus

Back 26

Cellular organelle housing DNA, control center of cell

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Osmosis

Back 27

Process by which water moves through semi permeable membrane from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic one

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Phagocytosis

Back 28

Form of endocytosis by which cells ingest and digest solid substances

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Pinocytosis

Back 29

Form of endocytosis by which cells ingest liquid

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Plasma membrane

Back 30

Barrier separating intracellular fluid from interstitial fluid

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Ribosome

Back 31

Organelle in the cytoplasm responsible for protein synthesis

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What is the visible light spectrum

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400 nm (violet) to 740 nm (red)

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Define thermodynamics

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The study of transformations

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First law of thermodynamics

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Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only change form

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Second law of thermodynamics

Back 35

When energy is transformed some energy is lost to heat. The amount of usable energy is decreased. Ex. Moving around to warm up on cold day. As chemical energy converts to mechanical energy, heat is produced