A&p Module 1 Key Terms

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Acid

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A substance releasing hydrogen ions in solution; a proton donor

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Amino Acid

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Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; these are the building blocks of protein

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ATP

Back 3

Adenosine triphosphate: the energy compound; it stores and releases energy into the body

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Base

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Substance that binds with hydrogen ions; a proton acceptor

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Buffer

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Substance that prevents large changes in pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions

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Carbohydrate

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Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen & oxygen; this group includes starches, sugars & cellulose

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Covalent bond

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A chemical bond in which electrons are shared between atoms

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Dehydration synthesis

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A process in which a covalent bond is formed by removing a water molecule. This process binds small molecules such as amino acids together

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Disaccharide

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Molecule composed of 2 sugar molecules. Ex: sucrose & lactose

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid; a molecule that contains the genetic information in a cell

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Electrolyte

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Substance such as salt, acid or base that ionized in water and is capable of conducting an electric current

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Enzyme

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Organic catalyst that lowers activation energy of a reaction

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Fatty acid

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Constituent of fat that consists of a chain of hydrogen and carbon atoms with an organic acid group at one end

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Glycerol

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Modified sugar which is a component of fats

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Glycogen

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A polysaccharide which is the main carbohydrate stored in animal cells

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Hydrogen ion

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A hydrogen atom that has lost an electron, and thus it carries a positive charge

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Hydrolosis

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Process in which water is used to divide a substance into smaller parts

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Hydrophobic

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Substances that interact with non polar molecules; orient themselves away from water

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Hydrophilic

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Molecules or parts of molecules that interact with water and charged particles

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Ion

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An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by a loss or gain of electrons

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Ionic bond

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Bond formed by transfer of electrons between atoms

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Isotope

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Different atomic forms of the same element that vary in the number of neutrons they contain

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Lipid

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Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Ex. Fats and cholesterol

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Monosaccharide

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Molecule containing one sugar; these molecules are the building blocks of carbohydrates. Glucose is an example

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Nucleic acid

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A class of molecules including DNA & RNA

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Peptide bond

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A bond joining amino group of one amino acid to the carboxylic group of another one with less of a water molecule

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Phospholipid

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Modified lipid containing phosphorus

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Polysaccharide

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A polymer composed of linked monosaccharides. Ex starch & glycogen

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Protein

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Organic compound composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Ex enzyme

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Radioisotope

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Isotope that exhibits radioactivity

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RNA

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Ribonucleic acid; nucleic acid containing ribose and the bases adenine, uracil, guanine, & cytosine