Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Point of View |
The perspective from which a story is told. |
Story |
|
|
First person |
The narrator is a character in the story and shares his/her thoughts and feelings. |
Tells the story. |
|
|
Stream of Consciousness |
Reveals the continuous, unedited flow of the characters thoughts, feelings and impressions. |
|
|
|
Interior Monologue |
An unspoken monologue that reveals the spontaneous, unordered interior thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur in the characters mind. |
|
|
|
Soliloquy/Dramatic Monologue |
A spoken monologue that reveals the innermost thoughts and feelings of the speaker; the monologue is given when the character believes they are alone. |
|
|
|
Aside |
A few words or short speech spoken by one character to the audience that other characters do not overhear. |
|
|
|
Third person |
The narrator is outside the story. (He, she, they) |
|
|
|
Third person |
The narrator is outside the story. (He, she, they) |
|
|
|
Third person limited |
The narrator is outside the story and shares the thoughts and feelings of one character. |
|
|
|
Third person omniscient |
The narrator is outside the story and shares the thoughts and feelings of all characters (NOTE- the omniscient character may evaluate the characters for the reader- Editorial omniscience, or the narrator may let the characters' thoughts and actions speak for themselves- Neutral Omniscience) |
|
|
|
Symbol |
Any object or action that represents something beyond itself; it can be traditional/conventional symbol (established, recognizable symbols) or original, literary symbol (established internally by the context of the work in which the symbol occurs) |
|
|
|
Allegory |
A narrative in which the characters and/or events have both a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. |
|
|
|
Parable |
An allegorical story designed to teach a lesson. |
|
|
|
Archetype |
Images, figures, character types, settings, story patterns that are universally shared by people across cultures. |
|
|
|
Motif |
A recurring unifying element (e.g. Image, symbol, character type, action, idea, object or phrase) in an artistic work. |
|
|
|
Juxtaposition |
The placement of one idea next to its opposite to make it more dramatic. |
|
|
|
Situational irony |
An event/situation that turns out to be the opposite of what is expected or appropriate. |
|
|
|
Dramatically irony |
When the audience knows something that characters do not. |
|
|
|
Cosmic irony |
When the forces beyond the control of the characters- such as God or fate or that supernatural- foil plans or expectations. |
|
|
|
Satire |
A literary genre that uses irony, wit and sometimes sarcasm to expose humanities vices and faults. |
|
|
|
Sarcastic |
Intentional derision through cutting humor; often involves obvious, exaggerated verbal irony. |
|
|
|
Parody |
A comic imitation of another, usually serious, work. |
|
|
|
Arrangement |
How the ideas are arranged from introduction to conclusion; influenced by the genre. |
|
|
|
Flashback |
A scene that interrupts the present action of the plot to tell what happened at an earlier times. |
|
|
|
Flash forward |
A scene that interrupts the present action of the plot to tell what happened at a later time. |
|
|
|
Flash forward |
A scene that interrupts that present action of the plot to tell what happened at a later time. |
|
|
|
Genre |
Type of literally |
|
|
|
Fixed form poems |
Poems with required pattern of lines, meter, rhythm and/or stanzas. |
|
|
|
Ballad |
A simple narrative poem, often incorporating dialogue that is written in quatrains generally with a rhyme scheme of a b c d. |
|
|
|
Epic |
A long narrative poem. |
|
|
|
Epigram |
A brief witty poem that usually makes a satiric or humorous point. |
|
|
|
Diction |
Word choice (secondary definition- single words of strong connotative power) |
|
|
|
Elegy |
A formal meditative poem that laments the dead or a loss. |
|
|
|
Haiku |
A poem containing seventeen syllables in three lines of five, seven and five syllables each. |
|
|
|
Limerick |
A humorous fixed form that usually consists of fives lines with a rhyme scheme of aabba; lines 1,2,5 contain three feet, while lines 3 and 4 usually contain two feet. |
|
|
|
Lyric |
Any poem in which a speaker expressed intensely personal emotion or thoughts (originally applied to poems meant to be sung) |
|
|
|
Ode |
A lyric poem that is swoops in subject and treatment, elevated in style. |
|
|
|
Sestina |
A fixed form of 39 lines written in iambic pentameter; the words that end each line in the first stanza are used as line endings in each of the following stanzas in a rotating pattern. |
|
|
|
Sonnet |
A fixed form of fourteen lines, normally in iambic pentameter. |
|
|
|
Shakespearean sonnet |
Fourteen lines divided into three quatrains and a co closing couplet; has a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg |
|
|
|
Italian/Petrarchan sonnet |
Fourteen lines beginning with an octave that includes the problem the sonnet will develop and concluding with a sestet which includes the resolution of the problem the octave has a rhyme scheme of abbaabba and the sestet has a rhyme scheme of cdcdcd |
|
|
|
Villanelle |
A fixed form of six stanzas (made up of five reverts and a quatrain) that repeats the first and third lines throughout. |
|
|
|
Denotation |
The dictionary definition of a word. |
|
|
|
Picture poem |
An open form poem in which the poet arranges the lines of the poem to create a picture that represents the subject of the poem. |
|
|
|
Prose poem |
An open form poem that is printed as prose. |
|
|
|
Open form poems (free verse) |
Does not conform to established patterns of meter, rhyme and stanza. |
|
|
|
Pacing |
Advancing ideas at a particular rate or tempo. |
|
|
|
Foreshadowing |
Clues that hunt at what will happen later in the story. |
|
|
|
In media res |
(Into the middle of things) starting the narrative at a crucial point in the action rather than starting the narrative at the beginning of the sequence of events. |
|
|
|
Comic relief |
The inclusion of a humorous or scene to the contrast the tragic elements in a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event. |
|
|
|
Connotation |
The emotional associations evoked by a word. |
|
|
|
Double entendre |
When a word/phrase has a secondary meaning. |
|
|
|
Euphemism |
To use an inoffensive or more socially acceptable word for something that could be inappropriate or offensive to some. |
|
|
|
Malapropism |
When one word is mistakenly substituted for another that sounds similar. |
|
|
|
Pun |
A play on words that relies on the words's having more than one meaning or sounding like another word. |
|
|
|
Figures of Speech |
A word or phrase not meant to be taken literary. |
|
|
|
Simile |
Comparing two unlike things using a connective (e.g. Like, as, resembles) |
|
|
|
Chorus |
An individual character or group that remains detached from the action while commenting on or explains the action to the audience. |
|
|
|
Metaphor |
Comparing two unlike things directly. |
|
|
|
Implied metaphor |
A metaphoric comparison in which the terms being compared are not specifically being explained. |
|
|
|
Extended metaphor |
A sustained comparison in which part or all of a work contains a series of related metaphors. |
|
|
|
Controlling metaphor |
When the metaphor runs through an entire work and determines the form or nature of that work. |
|
|
|
Personification |
Giving human qualities to objects, animals, places or ideas. |
|
|
|
Apostrophe |
A direct address to someone who is not present (e.g. A deity, muse, or other power) |
|
|
|
Hyperbole (overstatement) |
Deliberate exaggeration. |
|
|
|
Understatement |
Deliberately saying less than is intended. |
|
|
|
Paradox (oxymoron) |
A statement that seems self-contradictory on the surface, but upon closer examination may reveal an underlying truth. |
|
|
|
Synecdoche |
When a part of soothing is used to represent the whole. |
|
|
|
Stage manager |
A character who comments omnisciently. |
|
|
|
Metonymy |
When something closely associated with a subject is used to represent the subject. |
|
|
|
Imagery |
Details that appeal to the sense; they trigger the imagination to form metal pictures. |
|
|
|
Onomatopoeia (aural imagery) |
Words that sound like the sound they represent. |
|
|
|
Anaphora |
The deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose sentenced, clauses, or paragraphs. |
|
|
|
Epistrophe |
The ending of a series of lines, phrases, clauses or sentences with the same word or words. |
|
|
|
Ploce |
Repeating a line within the same line or clause. |
|
|
|
Refrain |
A line, part of a line or group of lines repeated in the corse of a poem, sometimes with slight changes. |
|
|
|
Language Registers |
Language use for a particular purpose or a particular social setting. |
|
|
|
Frozen (Static) |
Language that remains fixed and unchanged; often used for formal recitations utilizes formal diction-dignified, impersonal, elevated language that follows the rules of syntax exactly and is characterized by complex word choice and loft tone. |
|
|
|
Formal (Academic) |
Language used in formal settings for one way communication; utilizes formal diction. |
|
|
|
Third person dramatic (third person objective) |
The narrator is outside the story and shares only the actions and dislike of the characters. |
|
|
|
Consultative |
Language used in standard two-way communication; utilizes middle diction-maintains correct lay gauge use, but it less elevated than formal diction. |
|
|
|
Casual |
Language used in informal conversation between peers and friends; utilizes informal diction- the plain language of everyday use which may include idioms, colloquialisms, slang, contractions. |
|
|
|
Intimate |
Language reserved for private communications; language where intonation is more important than diction or syntax and where private vocabulary and non-verbal communication is used. |
|
|
|
Detail |
Literal or factual description |
|
|
|
Allusion |
An indirect reference, often to a person, event, statement, theme or work. |
|
|
|
Syntax |
The arrangement of words or phrases in a sentence. |
|
|
|
Inverted syntax |
A reversal of expected or traditional word order for stylistic effect. |
|
|
|
Cadence |
The rhythmic movement of writing. |
|
|
|
Parallelism |
The arrangement of words or phrases in a grammatically similar way. |
|
|
|
Rhyme |
Matching similarity of sounds in two or more words. |
|
|
|
Unreliable Narrator |
Reveals an interpretation of events that is somehow different than the author's interpretation of events. |
|
|
|
End rhyme |
Words at the end of lines of poetry that rhyme. |
|
|
|
Internal rhyme |
Words in different lines of poetry that rhyme. |
|
|
|
Slant Rhyme/ Half Rhyme |
Two words that sound close but not exactly alike. |
|
|
|
Blank verse |
Verse that doesn't rhyme; typically uses iambic pentameter, which of all verse is closest to the natural rhymes of English speech. |
|
|
|
Free verse |
Verse that doesn't follow a prescribed form, meter or rhyme scheme. |
|
|
|
Assonance |
The repetition of vowel sounds in words that end with different consonant sounds. |
|
|
|
Alliteration |
The repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring words. |
|
|
|
Consonance |
The repetition of a sequence of two or more consonant sounds separated by differing vowel sounds in neighboring words. |
|
|
|
Foot |
The combination of stressed and unstressed syllables that make up the metric unit by which a line of poetry is measured. |
|
|
|
Meter |
A pattern of beats or accents. |
|
|
|
Naïve Narrator |
A narrator characterized by youthful innocence. |
|
|
|
Line |
A sequence of words printed as a separate entity on a page. A poetic line is measured by the number of feet it contains. These lines from stanzas. |
|
|
|
End-stopped Line |
When a poetic line presents a complete though. |
|
|
|
Enjambment (run-on line) |
When a poetic line does not present a complete thought, but instead interrupts the thought with a line break and continues the thought into the next line. |
|
|
|
Cacophony |
Language that is harsh and discordant. |
|
|
|
Euphony |
Language that is smooth and musically pleasant to the ear. |
|
|
|
Caesura |
A break or pause within a line of poetry indicated by punctuation; used to emphasize meaning, or to mimic the natural rhythm of speech. |
|
|
|
Conventions |
Grammar, spelling, punctuation. In analysis, focus on the stylistic use conventions. |
|
|
|
Plot |
A series of related events that make up a story. |
|
|
|
Exposition |
Introduces setting (time and place), characters and conflict. |
|
|
|
Rising action |
Add complications. |
|
|
|
Invention |
Broadly defined- the process of developing and refining your argument; narrowly defined-selecting a perspective that is appropriate for your purpose and audience. |
|
|
|
Climatic scene |
Scene of the highest tension; turning point in the protagonists behavior or thoughts. |
|
|
|
Falling action |
Complications are unraveled. |
|
|
|
Resolution (Denouement) |
Final outcome of conflicts is revealed. |
|
|
|
Subplot |
A minor or subordinate secondary plot, often involving a deuteragonist's (sidekick) struggles. |
|
|
|
Parallel Plot |
A secondary plot of equal importance to the main plot. |
|
|
|
Characterization |
The process by which a writer reveals the personality of a character. It can be direct (telling: through the use of names, appearance, editorial comments by the author) or indirect (showing in a gradual process: through dialogue about self and others, through action) |
|
|
|
Protagonist |
The central character |
|
|
|
Antihero |
A protagonist who lacks the traditional attributes of a hero. |
|
|
|
Tragic hero |
A basically good person of high position who has a fatal flaw or commits an error in judgment which leads to his downfall. |
|
|
|
Antagonist |
The character the protagonist struggles against. |
|
|
|
Persona |
The speaker in a literary work. |
|
|
|
Foil |
A character that serves by contrast to highlight or emphasize opposing traits in another character. |
|
|
|
Stock character |
A character that appears repeatedly in a literary genre, a stereotyped character. |
|
|
|
Static |
A character that does change much. |
|
|
|
Dynamic |
A character that changes in an important way. |
|
|
|
Epiphany |
Moment of sudden insight. |
|
|
|
Flat |
A character that has only one or two personality traits. |
|
|
|
Round |
A character that has many dimensions to his/her personality. |
|
|
|
Character motivation |
The driving force behind a characters action. |
|
|
|
Conflict |
A struggle or clash between opposite needs, desires or emotions within a single character. |
|
|
|
External conflict |
When a character struggles against an outside force. |
|
|
|
Tone |
The authors implied attitude about a subject. |
|
|
|
Theme |
Insight into the human condition. |
|
|
|
Argument |
Spoken, written, or visual text that express a truth (or a point of view on a truth) |
|
|
|
Claim |
A statement that asserts a belief or a truth. |
|
|
|
Reason |
A basis for the claim. |
|
|
|
Detail(CD) |
Supporting evidence. |
|
|
|
Commentary(CM) |
Opinion. |
|
|
|
Ethos |
The use of words, images and/or sounds to establish a reputation that will appeal to values of an audience and inspire audience to repeat authority, admire integrity/motives or at least acknowledge what they stand for. |
|
|
|
Pathos |
The use of words, images and/or sounds that evoke certain emotions in an audience. |
|
|
|
Logos |
The use of words, images and/or sounds that evoke certain emotions in an audience. |
|
|
|
Rhetorical question |
A question that does not expect an explicit answer. |
|
|
|
Ironic (verbal irony) |
Contrast between what a speaker literally databank they they mean. |
|
