Chapter 7

Front 1

The shaft of the long bone is called the

Back 1

Diaphysis

Front 2

The hollow cylindrical space with in the diaphysis is called the

Back 2

Medullary Cavity

Front 3

In children the medullary cavity contains

Back 3

Red Bone Marrow

Front 4

In adults the medullary cavity contains

Back 4

Yellow Bone Marrow

Front 5

At each end of the long bone is a expanded knobby region called the

Back 5

Epiphysis

Front 6

Covering the joint of the proximal and distal epiphysis is a thin layer of hyalin cartilage called the

Back 6

Articular cartilage

Front 7

Covering the joint of the epiphysis is a thin layer of hyalin cartilage called the

Back 7

Articular cartilage

Front 8

Tendons connect bone to

Back 8

bone

Front 9

Ligaments connect muscle to

Back 9

bone

Front 10

Bones that have length equal to there width are

Back 10

Short bones

Front 11

The mineral called ______ is a component of ATP and phospholipids

Back 11

Phosphate

Front 12

Long bones are found in the Thigh bone, the bones of the finger, the bones of the toes, the sole of the foot and the bones of the

Back 12

Palm

Front 13

Flat bones have surfaces composed of _____ bone with internally placed _______ bone

Back 13

Compact / Spongy

Front 14

Nost of the bodies reserves of ______ and phosphate are stored and released by bone

Back 14

Calcium

Front 15

Based on shape the _____ is the most common bone in the body

Back 15

long bone

Front 16

examples of short bones are the Sesamoid bone, bone of the wrist, and some bones of the _____.

Back 16

foot

Front 17

The end of a long bone is covered with

Back 17

Articular cartilage

Front 18

Flat bones form the Sternum, the scapulae, and the bones of the roof of the

Back 18

Skull

Front 19

The mineral called ____, is stored within bone and is a component of ATP and phospholipids

Back 19

Phosphate

Front 20

In adults, the medullary cavity contains_____ bone marrow

Back 20

Yellow

Front 21

The femur is an example of a

Back 21

Long bone

Front 22

The expanded end of a long bone is called the

Back 22

epiphysis

Front 23

the periosteum is anchored to the diaphysis by numerous fibers called

Back 23

Perforating fibers

Front 24

A thin layer of Hyalin cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called

Back 24

Articular cartilage

Front 25

the hip bone is an

Back 25

Irregular bone

Front 26

Spongy bones resist stress that is applied from many

Back 26

different directions

Front 27

the region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is called the

Back 27

Metaphysis

Front 28

The cylindrical space between the diaphysis of a long bone is called the

Back 28

medullary cavity

Front 29

A thin line of mature bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the

Back 29

Epiphyseal line

Front 30

Short, flat, and irregular bones do not have a

Back 30

medullary cavity

Front 31

Short, flat, and irregular bones are covered by what tissue

Back 31

periosteum

Front 32

The enterior surface of Short, flat, and irregular bones are made of what bone

Back 32

Spongy bone

Front 33

What is the region of mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis called

Back 33

metaphysis

Front 34

What structure replaces the epiphyseal plate

Back 34

epiphyseal line

Front 35

The small hole that a single nutrient artery enters the bone through the periosteum is called the

Back 35

nutrient forman

Front 36

severe anemia can trigger the conversion of _____ bone marrow back to _____ bone marrow

Back 36

yellow / red

Front 37

another term for bone tissue

Back 37

osseous

Front 38

Blood vessels enter bones from the

Back 38

periosteum

Front 39

there are many blood vessels in bone it is

Back 39

highly vascularized

Front 40

The innervation of of bone is mainly composed of sensory nerves that signal injuryto the

Back 40

Skeleton

Front 41

The second most common site to harvest bone marrow is the

Back 41

Sternum

Front 42

Four different types of cells are found in bone tissue

Back 42

Osteoproginators

Osteoblasts

osteocytes

osteoclast

Front 43

_______ are stem cells

Back 43

Osteoproginators

Front 44

When osteoproginators divide through cellur division they become

Back 44

osteoblasts

Front 45

Which of the four cell types found in bone, contain a limited set of organelles

Back 45

Osteoblasts contain a rough ER and a golgi apparatus

Front 46

What semisolid organic form of bone matter does osteoblast secrete

Back 46

osteoid

Front 47

When osteoid calcifies osteoblast become trapped and turn into

Back 47

osteocytes

Front 48

Osteoclasts are a large multi nuclear phagocytic cells created from fused bone

Back 48

marrow cells

Front 49

cells with a ruffled border

Back 49

osteoclasts

Front 50

osteoclasts are found in or close to a surface depression called a

Back 50

resorption lacunae

Front 51

Osteitis deformans is caused by an increased

Back 51

osteoclast and osteoblast activity

Front 52

Osteitis deformans is characterized by excessive bone resorption do to extreme

Back 52

osteoclast activity

Front 53

In osteitis deformans, the osteoclasts are 5 times __ then normal. As a result, the larger osteoclasts resorb bone at a____

Back 53

larger / higher rate

Front 54

As a response to excessive bone resorption caused by osteitis deformans, osteoblasts deposit additional bone poorly formed and unstable

Back 54

bone

Front 55

The organic components of bone are

Back 55

Collagen fibers and ground substance

Front 56

The inorganic components of bone are

Back 56

Phosphate

calcium

salts

Front 57

Osteitis deformans is also called

Back 57

paget disease

Front 58

The inorganic components of of the bone matrix gives bone its _____ and contains _____

Back 58

hardness / hydroxyapatite

Front 59

another name for the calcification of bone is

Back 59

mineralization

Front 60

The organic components of bone provide resistance to

Back 60

stretching

Front 61

Organic components of bone provide

Back 61

tensil strength

Front 62

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called

Back 62

spongy bone

Front 63

calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form

Back 63

hydroxyapatite crystals

Front 64

osteons are found in compact bone and are small cylindrical structures that run

Back 64

parrallel to the diaphysis

Front 65

osteons also called a haversion system contain a l also called a

Back 65

central cana

Front 66

a lucanae is a small space that house

Back 66

osteocytes

Front 67

Canaliculi are tiny interconnecting channels that extend from each ______ through the _____

Back 67

lacunae / lamellae

Front 68

Canliculi like lacunae house

Back 68

osteocytes

Front 69

osteons are microscopic

Back 69

structures

Front 70

Bone formation requires

Back 70

calcium

phosphate

vitamin D

Front 71

bone resorption occurs is a process where the bone _______ is destroyed by substances released by the _______

Back 71

matrix / osteoclasts

Front 72

in bone resorption proteolytic enzymes are released by the _____ causeing the osteclast to chemically digest the ____ components

Back 72

lysosomes / organic

Front 73

in bone resorption hydrochloric acid dissolves the minerals ______ and ______

Back 73

calcium / phosphate

Front 74

bone resorption may occur when blood ____ levels are to ______

Back 74

calcium / low

Front 75

ossificationalso called osteogenesis refers to the process of creating bone connective

Back 75

tissue

Front 76

the bones produced through intermembranous ossification are

Back 76

mandible

flat bones

upper and lower limb bones

maaxilla

Front 77

In cartilage cells that have become encased in a matrix

Back 77

chondrocytes

Front 78

Derived from mesenchymal cells and produce the cartilage matrix

Back 78

Chondrblasts

Front 79

chondrocytes occupy small spaces called

Back 79

lacunae

Front 80

mature carttilage is

Back 80

avascular

Front 81

unlike bone cartilage has no_____ present in the matrix

Back 81

calcium

Front 82

in intramembranous ossification ______ bone

is immature and not well organizied

Back 82

woven

Front 83

in intramembranous ossification woven bone is replaced by

Back 83

lamellar bone

Front 84

ossification centers form with in thickened regions of mesenchyme begining at the eith week of

Back 84

development

Front 85

osteiod calssification occurs when___ deposits onto the ____ and the osteiod _____

Back 85

salt \ osteoid \ crystalizes

Front 86

connective tissue that contains osteoblasts and osteocytes is

Back 86

bone

Front 87

endchondral ossification forms most bones of the upper and lower

Back 87

limbs

Front 88

intramembranous ossification forms most ____skull bonesand part of the _____

Back 88

Skull / Clavical