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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skeleton |
Two main sections: Axial skeleton: - bones located centre of the body -includes bones of thorax, spinal column and skull Appendicular skeleton: -bones located in appendages -include bones in arms, legs, shoulder girdle and pelvis |
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Functions |
Provide support Movement Protecting soft body parts Producing blood cells Storing minerals |
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Types of bones |
Long bones- longer than they are wide eg. Arms and legs Short bones- similar width and length eg. Wrists and ankles Flat bones- thin and flat or curved often plate like eg. Skull bones, ribs, sternum Irregular bones- oddly shapes eg. Vertebrae, hip bone |
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Bone anatomy |
Periosteum Epiphysis Diaphysis Medullary cavity, red marrow and yellow marrow Epiphyseal plate Compact and spongy bone |
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Periosteum |
Outer covering of the bone, made of tough fibrous connective tissue, contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves |
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Epiphysis |
Widened ends of a long bone |
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Diaphysis |
Narrow portion of long bone that runs between epiphyses, the shaft has hollow cavity in the middle, lined with endosteum called the medullary cavity |
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Medullary cavity |
Contains bone marrow |
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Epiphyseal plate (growth plate) |
Thin band of cartilage. Remains present for as long as bone is growing. Will be converted to bone once growth is complete. |
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Bone marrow |
Yellow bone marrow- high fat content (in emergency, yellow bone marrow can convert to red marrow to increase red blood cell production). Eg. Red bone marrow- produces red blood cells. Eg. The skull, vertebrae, ribs, long bones |
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Bone tissue |
Compact bone: dense, hard tissue forming shafts of long bones and outer layer of other bones. Spongy bones: (also called cancellous bones) helps make bones lighter and provides space for red bone marrow |
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Bone growth and repair |
Formation of bone in the body is called ossification or osteogenesis Cells involved in formation and growth of bone include: -osteoprogenitor cells -osteoblasts (builds bone) -osteocytes -osteoclasts (clear away material) |
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Bone development |
Osteoclasts- degrade bone to release calcium into the blood
Osteoblasts- take calcium from blood and deposit it in the matrix that surrounds them
Homeostatic control by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin- example of negative feedback mechanism |
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Joints |
Occur when 2 or more bones are joined. Immobile joints eg. Joints between skull bones Joints with limited movement eg. Pelvic bones Free moving joints: elbows |
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Ligaments and tendons |
Ligaments are part of structure of a joint as it connects bone to each other Tendons connect muscles to bones |
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Fractures |
A break in a bone. Hairline fracture- fine fracture that’s not completely broken Simple (closed) a break without puncture on the skin Spiral- fracture caused by severe twisting of the bone Greenstick- incomplete breaks, common in children Comminuted- bone has been fragmented or splintered Compound (open)- bone has been pushed through the skin |
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Disease of skeletal system |
Osteoporosis Arthritis Sprain/dislocation |
