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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary sex organs |
Testes and ovaries. Produce gametes and secrete sex hormones androgens, estrogens and poestrogens |
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Sex hormones |
Play roles in development and fx of the reproductive organs, sexual behavior and drives, and growth and development of many other organs and tissues. |
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Scrotum temp is kept constant by |
Smooth muscle that wrinkled scrotal skin (Dartos muscle), Bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes (cremaster muscles) keeps scrotum 3 degrees cooler |
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Interstitial (leydig) cells |
Produce androgens |
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Epididymis |
Non motile sperm enter and pass slowly through and become motile. During ejaculation the epididymis contracts expelling sperm into the ductus deferens |
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Ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct |
Propels sperm from epididymis to the urethra. A vasectomy cuts the ductus deferens |
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Seminal vesicles |
Produce viscous alkaline seminal fluid 70% of the volume of semen |
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Prostate |
Secretes milky, slightly acidic fluid- citrate, enzymes, and prostate-specific antigen PSA |
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Bulbous ethereal glands |
prior to ejaculation produces thick clear mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in urethra |
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Semen |
Mixture of Sperm and accessory gland secretions contain prostaglandins that decrease the viscosity of mucus in the cervix and stimulate reverse peristalsis is the uterus |
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Erection |
Parasympathetic reflex promotes release of nitric oxide Impotence the inability to attain erection |
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Ejaculation |
Sympathetic spinal reflex causes ducts and accessory glands to contract and empty their contents bladder sphincter muscle to construct and bulbospongiosus muscles to undergo a rapid series of contractions |
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Meiosis |
Nuclear division in gonads produces daughter cells and introduced genetic variation |
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Spermatogenesis |
Mitosis- spermatogonia from spermatocytes Meiosis-spermatocytes form spermatids Spermiogenisis- spermatids to sperm |
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Mitosis of spermatogonia |
Begins at puberty |
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Sperm major regions |
Head: genetic region; nucleus containing hydrolytic enzymes that enable the Sperm to penetrate an egg. Midpiece, tail |
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Sustentacular cells |
Provide nutrients and signals to deciding cells and secrete testicular fluid into lumen for transport if sperm |
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HPG axis |
FSH causes sustentacular cells yo release androgen-binding protein which makes spermatogonia cell receptive to testosterone. LH stimulates interstitial cells to release testosterone |
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Effects of testosteron |
Prompts spermatogenesis Basis of sex drive in males |
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Ovum |
Functional gamete |
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Ovarian cylce |
Monthly series of events associated with the maturation of an egg 2 phases Follicular phased period of follicle growt Luteal phase period of curious lute in activity |
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Follicular phase |
squamous> cuboidal. Stratified epithelium forms, zona pellucid a forms, Antrum forms and expands to isolate the oocyte with its corona radiates in a stalk, proms my oocyte completes meiosis 1 |
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Ovulation |
Ovary wall ruptures and expels the secondary oocyte with it corona radiata |
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Luteal phase |
Ruptured follicle collapses corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen |
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Ovaries |
2 regions cortex ovarian follicles and medulla large blood vessels and nerves |
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Vesicular follicles |
Fluid filled Antrum forms. |
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Ovulation |
Ejection of oocyte from the follicle |
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Oocyte is carried though uterine tubes by |
Peristalsis and ciliary action |
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Endometrium of uterus |
Is shed during menstruation and forms new functionalism after menstruation |
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Vascular supply in uterus |
Arcuate arteries in myometrium Radial branches in endometrium branch into spiral and straight arteries |
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Hymen |
Mucosa near vaginal office forms an incomplete partition |
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Mammary glsnds |
Lobules within loved contain glandular alveoli that produce milk |
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Oogenesis |
Production of female gametes begins in fetal period primary oocytes begin meiosis but stalk in prophase 1 Secondary oocyte arrests in metaphase 1 and is ovulated |
