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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Great Schism 1378-1417
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• Avingon Papacy 1309-1378 Phillip IV of France(appoint bishops) vs. Pope Boniface VIII write Unam Sanctum 1302 (declaring primacy over religion with politics).
• Phillip IV arrest Pope Boniface VIII, dies in jail. Council of Cardinals vote on new pope. French elect French cardinal, move papacy to Avingon to be close to Phillip • Gregory XI (pope 1370-1378) – reforming pope move seat of papal throne back to Rome, dies before getting to Rome. Cardinals elect Italian pope, French elect antipope • Council of Constance (1414-1417) resolv Great Schism and make sure Martin V is elected and others step down. Inc Concilair system, decrease papal prestige |
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John Wycliffe England C. 1330 – 1384
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• Radical change, not killed because in England. “church” not an institution because it does not say so in Bible and instead members are church. Bible in vernacular. Creates Lollards to instruct people. Denied Transubstation – priest can convert bread into Jesus because not in Bible
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Jan Haus (Bohemia, now Czech 1372-1415)
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• Czech nationalist during Great Schism argued that Authority of Bible not church mattered. Council of Constance kills. His followers in Bohemia staged a rebellion
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Clerical abuses
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indulgences, simony (Buy/sell church offices), clerical pluralism, nepotism (Give offices to family members) , clerical celibacy, clerical ignorance (not knowing latin)
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Martin Luther 1483-1546
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Archbishop of Maiznz owes money to Fuggers b/c bought church position and Pope Leo X need money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica so sell indulgences
Luter criticize,, Go into hiding after Diet of Worms. Fredrick Of Saxony Protect, translate Bible into German Address to the Christian Nobility – urged secular government had the right to reform church Freedom of a Christian – salvation by faith alone, one is saved by faith, Bible source faith On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church – attack sacraments, only Eucharist and Baptism okay |
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Reformation in German states
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Luteran princes in north to urban areas to clergy (lower members)
New View priests- denied special status and could marry. |
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Peasant’s Revolt 1524 -1525
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Peasants want end of serfdom and return of common land and use of forests, justified by Luther’s words. Thomas Muntzer merged religious and social reform; he is a millenarian so waiting for return of Jesus and kill people to get ready. Luther not support because conservative on Social change
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Spread of Reformation – Charles V and Protestants
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concession with protestant priest, oscillate position
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Imperial preoccupations of Spain
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Spanish possession’s, Habsburg-Valois wars, Turks under Suleiman the Magnificent
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Schmalkaldic War 1547
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(minor skirmish) Protestant Union and Catholic League formed, no result. Peace of Augsburg 1555 – princes decide religion, center of attention move away from Germany after 1555 - 1615
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Habsburg-Valois Wars
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: five wars between 1521 and 1555 between France and the Hapsburgs
a. France tried to keep Germany divided (although France was Catholic) b. This conflict played an important role in retarding unification of the German states c. Catholic unity in Germany never again occurred |
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Cantons states of Switzerland
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sovereign states – loose federation, diet cantons meet
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Zwingli (1484-1531)
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– use Erasmus’s double translation. Faith alone, humanist influence, scripture alone, bible truly alone. Conflict with Catholic Church – provoked Battle of Kappel, he is killed
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Anabaptists
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rebaptism b/c child does not know. Non or anti-Trinitarian. Restoring Apostolic church – no hierarchy, small group of believers. Reject temporal society (not pay taxes, not follow rules) so drowned and persecuted. John of Leyden –(Proclaimed himself king of New Jerusalem. As king, would purify the world of evil by the sword in preparation for Jesus' Second Coming) John of Lyden – polygamy, women in power, all books except Bible destroyed
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Munster Rebellion
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seized by millenarian Anabaptists – conquer city and set up society – polygamous, abolish all private property, crushed by Lutherans and Catholics
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Mennonites
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founded by Dutch leader Menno Simmons became descendants of Anabaptists;Emphasized pacifism;
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John Calvin (1509-1564)
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criticism of Catholic church, emphasis on works because spiritual anxiety. Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) – predestation, good work – sign of salvation. Theocracy in Geneva – imposed Christain discipline. Consistory: A judiciary made up of lay elders (presbyters) had the power to impose harsh penalties for those who did not follow God’s law. Calvinist spread due to attraction of predestination
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France-Huguenots-French Calvinist emerge
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civil war over monarchy
Neterlands- battle with Habsburgs, Inquisition of Calvinism, not stop because killed is proof that they are right, martyrs form. Connected with Dutch Independence |
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English Reformation
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Henry VIII marry Catherine of Aragon, break with Rome
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Act of Restraint of Appeals –
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denies pope authority
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Act of Succession
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accept children of Ann Boleyn
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Act of Supremacy
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authority of church fore Henry VIII
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Act of Treason
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can execute
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Act of Dissolution
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confiscate monastery land, can sell
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Ten Articles
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defining faith
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